Controlling the global obesity epidemic
The challenge

At the other end of the malnutrition scale, obesity is one of today’s most blatantly visible – yet most neglected – public health problems. Paradoxically coexisting with undernutrition, an escalating global epidemic of overweight and obesity – “globesity” – is taking over many parts of the world. If immediate action is not taken, millions will suffer from an array of serious health disorders.

Obesity is a complex condition, one with serious social and psychological dimensions, that affects virtually all age and socioeconomic groups and threatens to overwhelm both developed and developing countries. In 1995, there were an estimated 200 million obese adults worldwide and another 18 million under-five children classified as overweight. As of 2000, the number of obese adults has increased to over 300 million. Contrary to conventional wisdom, the obesity epidemic is not restricted to industrialized societies; in developing countries, it is estimated that over 115 million people suffer from obesity-related problems.

Generally, although men may have higher rates of overweight, women have higher rates of obesity. For both, obesity poses a major risk for serious diet-related noncommunicable diseases, including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and stroke, and certain forms of cancer. Its health consequences range from increased risk of premature death to serious chronic conditions that reduce the overall quality of life.

The response: making healthy choices easy choices

World Health Organization began sounding the alarm in the 1990s, spearheading a series of expert and technical consultations. Public awareness campaigns were also initiated to sensitize policymakers, private sector partners, medical professionals and the public at large. Aware that obesity is predominantly a “social and environmental disease”, WHO is helping to develop strategies that will make healthy choices easier to make.

In collaboration with the University of Sydney (Australia), WHO is calculating the worldwide economic impact of overweight and obesity. It is also working with the University of Auckland (New Zealand) to analyse the impact that globalization and rapid socioeconomic transition have on nutrition and to identify the main political, socioeconomic, cultural and physical factors which promote obesogenic environments.

INSTRUCTION: Answer questionaccording to text.

TEXT

As the familiar story goes, not long ago there was an
orphan who on his 11th birthday discovered he had
a gift that set him apart from his preteen peers. Over
the years he endured the usual adolescent challenges
[5] – maturation, relationships, social conflicts, general
teenage neuroses. He also faced the less common
challenge of battling a murderous, psychopathic
wizard set on establishing a eugenic police state.
I’m referring to the young wizard Harry Potter, the
[10] protagonist in author JK Rowling’s wildly popular
fantasy book series; his nemesis is Lord Voldemort,
the story’s malevolent antagonist. And new research
suggests that Rowling’s world of house-elves, half-

giants and three-headed dogs has the potential to
[15] make us nicer people.

For decades it’s been known that an effective means of
improving negative attitudes and prejudices between
differing groups of people is through intergroup contact
– particularly through contact between “in-groups,”
[20] or a social group to which someone identifies, and
“out-groups,” or a group they don’t identify with or
perceive as threatening. Even reading short stories
about friendship between in- and out-group characters
is enough to improve attitudes toward stigmatized
[25] groups in children. A new study ___________ in the Journal
of Applied Social Psychology ___________ that reading
the Harry Potter books in particular ________________ similar
effects, likely in part because Potter is continually in
contact with stigmatized groups. The “muggles” get no
[30] respect in the wizarding world as they lack any magical
ability. The “half-bloods,” or “mud-bloods” – wizards
and witches descended from only one magical parent
– don’t fare much better, while the Lord Voldemort
character believes that power should only be held by
[35] “pure-blood” wizards. He’s Hitler in a cloak.

Para responder à questão, considere as afirmativas e preencha os parênteses com V (verdadeiro) ou F (falso).

É correto afirmar que a leitura de Harry Potter

( ) é objeto de estudo em Psicologia.

( ) ajuda adolescentes a superarem seus traumas.

( ) ameniza atitudes preconceituosas em crianças.

Um dos usos do discurso indireto é o de expressar pensamentos, ideias, opiniões ou sentimentos.

Analise as sentenças que reportam à forma correta do discurso indireto da sentença abaixo:

People think he is completely mad.

I. People think him to be completely mad.

II. It is thought that he is completely mad.

III. He is thought to be completely mad.

IV. People think him is completely mad.

Rubem Alves was born on September 15, 1933 in Boa Esperança, when the city was still called Dores da Boa Esperança, in Minas Gerais. After high school, he studied theology at Seminário Presbiteriano do Sul. After graduating, he returned to his home state to serve as pastor amid the simple and poor people.

After a period of study in New York, he returned to Brazil after the military coup in 1964 and was denounced as subversive by the Presbyterian Church. To escape those who were persecuting him, he returned to the United States with his family. There, at the invitation of the United Presbyterian Church - USA and the president of Princeton Theological Seminary, he wrote his doctoral thesis entitled "Towards a Theology of Liberation".

He returned to Brazil with a Ph.D, broke with the Presbyterian Church, and became unemployed. He went to work teaching in higher education at the Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras in Rio Claro, and, starting in 1974, was a professor at Unicamp until his retirement.

In 1959, he married Lídia Nopper and they had two sons and a daughter together. Thanks to the girl, he began writing stories for children. He devoted himself to literature and poetry, understanding that both were food for the body and pleasing to the soul. Writing fulfilled his frustrated dream of being a pianist. He channeled into words the gift he lacked for musical notes.

Inspired by Albert Camus, Nietzsche, Jorge Luis Borges, Roland Barthes, Fernando Pessoa and Manoel de Barros, among many others, he became one of the most prolific and beloved Brazilian writers.

His opus includes more than a hundred books, divided among children’s books, chronicles, education, religion, theology and even biography, and the book “O velho que acordou menino” (2005), which narrates memories of his childhood.

In the 1980’s, he became a psychoanalyst, calling himself heterodox since he believed that beauty inhabited the depths of the unconscious. He had his own clinic until 2004 and drew inspiration from his patients for many of his chronicles. In a statement published on Rubem Alves’ web site, Leonardo Boff said his friend "became a master with original points of view on many different subjects. He can speak poetically about the prosaic and prosaically about poetry. In my opinion, he is one of those who has the best command of the Portuguese language in our generation, with an elegance and lightness of style that truly fascinates us."

Peanuts é uma tirinha americana escrita e ilustrada por Charles M. Schulz. Foi uma das tirinhas mais populares e influentes com 17,897 publicações – o maior número na história da humanidade.

INSTRUCTION: Answer question according to text.

TEXT

Reading the work of Jorge Luis Borges for the first time is
like discovering a new letter in the alphabet, or a new note in
the musical scale. His writings are fictions filled with private
jokes and esoterica, historiography and sardonic footnotes.
[5] They are brief, often with abrupt beginnings. Borges’ use
of labyrinths, mirrors, chess games and detective stories
creates a complex intellectual landscape, yet his language is
clear, with ironic undertones. He presents the most fantastic
of scenes in simple terms, seducing us into the forking
[10] pathway of his seemingly infinite imagination.

Half a century ago, when Borges’ ground-breaking collection
Ficciones was first published in English translation, he was
virtually unknown outside literary circles in Buenos Aires,
where he was born in 1899, and Paris, where his work was
[15] translated in the 1950s. In 1961, he was catapulted onto the
world stage when international publishers awarded him the
first Formentor Prize for outstanding literary achievement.
He shared the prize with Samuel Beckett (the other authors
on the shortlist were Alejo Carpentier, Max Frisch and Henry
[20] Miller). The award spurred English translations of Ficciones
and Labyrinths and brought Borges widespread fame and
respect.

Over the decades since his death in 1986, Borges’ global
stature has continued to grow. “Today one could consider
[25] Borges the most important writer of the 20th Century,” says
Suzanne Jill Levine, translator and general editor of the
Penguin Classics five-volume Borges series. Why? “Because
he created a new literary continent between North and South
America, between Europe and America, between old worlds
[30] and modernity. In creating the most original writing of his
time, Borges taught us that nothing is new, that creation is
recreation, that we are all one contradictory mind, connected
amongst each other and through time and space, that human
beings are not only fiction makers but are fictions themselves,
[35] that everything we think or perceive is fiction, that every
corner of knowledge is a fiction.”

Leia o texto a seguir e responda à questão.

We’re so well educated – but we’re useless

Record numbers of students have entered higher education in the past 10 years, but despite being the most educated generation in history, it seems that we’ve grown increasingly ignorant when it comes to basic life skills.

Looking back on my first weeks living in student halls, I consider myself lucky to still be alive. I have survived a couple of serious boiling egg incidents and numerous cases of food-poisoning, probably from dirty kitchen counters. Although some of my clothes have fallen victim to ironing experimentation, I think I have now finally acquired all the domestic skills I missed out in my modern education.

Educationist Sir Ken Robinson says that our current education system dislocates people from their natural talents and deprives us of what used to be passed from generation to generation – a working knowledge of basic life skills. Today’s graduates may have earned themselves distinctions in history, law or economics, but when it comes to simple things like putting up a shelf to hold all their academic books, or fixing a hole in their on-trend clothes, they have to call for help from a professional handyman or tailor.

Besides what we need to know for our own jobs, we must have practical skills. We don’t grow our own crops, build our own houses, or make our own clothes anymore; we simply buy these things. Unable to create anything ourselves, what we have mastered instead is consumption.

Sociologist Saskia Sassen argues that the modern liberal state has created a middle class that isn’t able to “make” anymore. I suggest that we start with the immediate reintroduction of some of the most vital aspects of “domestic science” education. Instead of only maths, language and history, we should create an interactive learning environment in schools where craftsmanship and problem-solving are valued as highly as the ability to absorb and regurgitate information. We need to develop children into people that not only think for themselves, but are also able to act for themselves.

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

Quick Work

Ted Robinson has been worried all the week. Last Tuesday he received a letter from the local police in which he was asked to call at the station. Ted wondered why he was wanted by the police, but he went to the station yesterday and now he is not worried any more.

At the station, he was told by a smiling policeman that his bicycle had been found. Five days ago, the policeman told him, the bicycle was picked up in a small village four hundred miles away. It is now being sent to his home by train. Ted was most surprised when he heard the news and he was amused too, because he never expected the bicycle to be found. It was stolen twenty years ago when Ted was a boy of fifteen!

Migrant crisis: Grim find of bodies in Austria lorry

AUGUST 27, 2015 -BBC NEWS

The bodies of between 20 and 50 migrants have been found in a lorry abandoned in a motorway lay-by near the Austrian border with Hungary, authorities say.

Austrian police say they think the people inside were already dead when the truck crossed into Austria. The lorry has been towed away for forensic examination. Police say they should be able to give more information on the number of bodies on Friday morning. The grim find comes as a summit focusing on migration takes place in the Austrian capital, Vienna.

Tens of thousands of migrants from conflict-hit states in the Middle East and Africa have been trying to make their way to Europe.

Austria's Chancellor Werner Faymann said the tragedy showed once again "how necessary it is to save lives by combating criminals and people traffickers".

The vehicle - a refrigerated lorry with Hungarian license plates - was found parked off the A4 motorway between Parndorf and Neusiedl am See, according to Burgenland police chief Hans Peter Doskozil. The vehicle was there from around 06:00 local time (04:00 GMT) on Thursday morning, Mr. Doskozil said. But Hungarian cameras had identified that the truck was on the Hungarian side of the border, very close to Austria, at 09:00 on Wednesday, he said, so it must have been driven across the border in the intervening time.

The decomposing state of the bodies would suggest that they had been dead for one and a half to two days, the police chief added, suggesting that the victims must have already been dead when the lorry crossed into Austria. On Thursday afternoon the truck was towed away to undergo forensic examinations in Nickelsdorf. Police will give a further news conference at 11:00 on Friday, when they should be able to say how many people have died. They do not yet know whether women and children are among the victims, or how they died.