Question refer to the text below.

New York City

New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York metropolitan area, the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States and one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. The city is referred to as New York City or the City of New York to distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part. It has also been called by many nicknames such as the “City that Never Sleeps” and the “Center of the Universe.” But the Big Apple is the most famous nickname.

New York traces its roots back to 1624 when it was founded as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic. It was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664. New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the country's largest city since 1790.

TEXTO:

You don’t need extra minutes in your day to eat
less or to move more, the two basic pillars of weight
loss. Here’s how to reevaluate the time you do have, and
smart strategies to make dropping pounds easier, no
[5] matter how swamped you are.
Every small step you take toward a healthier lifestyle
matters, says Jeff Katula, PhD, associate professor of
health and exercise science at Wake Forest University.
“People often think they have to spend an hour at the
[10] gym or eat a diet full of hummus and superfoods, and
when they can’t attain that level they just give up and
don’t even try,” he says. Instead of looking at your whole
day as a success or failure, says Katula, consider every
decision you make a chance to do something healthy.
[15] Just because you skipped the gym doesn’t mean you
shouldn’t watch your calorie intake for the rest of the
day, for example. (In fact, it means the exact opposite!)
“You don’t need to cook your own food or even eat
different food to lose weight,” says Katula. “You just need
[20] to eat less.” Most people need to consume between 1,200
and 1,500 calories a day if they want to drop pounds in a
healthy and sustainable way — and for a lot of people,
eating appropriate portion sizes, skipping dessert, or not
going back for seconds is one of the easiest ways to
[25] reduce their total calorie intake.
Not skipping meals is crucial. This may seem
counterintuitive after advice to eat less overall, but busy
people especially may need to space out their calories
more throughout the day. That’s because going more
[30] than four or five hours without refueling can slow
metabolism, affect hormones and insulin levels, and
contribute to unhealthy food choices when you do finally
sit down to eat. “A lot of our overweight patients aren’t
necessarily overeating, but their eating patterns have
[35] become so erratic — they have a cup of coffee in the
morning and then no real food until late afternoon,” he
says. “The key is to avoid that and keep a consistent
schedule, whether that’s three meals a day and a couple
of snacks, or five mini meals.”

Use the correct phrasal verb to complete the phrase in a meeting:

Text 3

The Mice In Council

One day a group of mice decided to call a meeting to see what they could do about the cat which was always trying to catch them. They talked about lots of plans but none of them seemed like they would work. At last, a young mouse got up and said that a bell should be hung around the cat\'s neck so all the mice would be able to hear when he was coming closer. All the mice thought this was an excellent idea. However, an older mouse got up and spoke, "This is a really good idea but who is going to tie the bell around the cat\'s neck?"

Answer the questions based on the text below.

The Brazilian government has ratified its participation in the Paris agreement on climate change, a significant step by Latin America’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases that could spur other countries to follow suit.

With a landmass larger than the continental US, Brazil emits about 2.5% of the world’s carbon dioxide and other polluting gases, according to United Nations data.

“Our government is concerned about the future,” said President Michel Temer during a signing ceremony in Brasilia. “Everything we do today is not aimed at tomorrow, but rather at a future that preserves the living conditions of Brazilians.”

Temer said Brazil’s ratification would be presented formally to the UN later this month.

The Paris agreement will enter into force once 55 countries representing at least 55% of global emissions have formally joined it. Climate experts say that could happen later this year.

Countries set their own targets for reducing emissions. The targets are not legally binding, but nations must update them every five years. Using 2005 levels as the baseline, Brazil committed to cutting emissions 37% by 2025 and an “intended reduction” of 43% by 2030.

In the last decade, Brazil has achieved significant emissions cuts thanks to efforts to reduce deforestation in the Amazon and increase in the use of energy from hydropower and other renewable sources including wind, solar and biomass.

The Paris accord got a boost earlier this month when the US president, Barack Obama, and China’s President, Xi Jinping, sealed their nations’ participation.

“Brazil is now the next major country to move forward. It will add even greater momentum,” said David Waskow, director of the International Climate Initiative at the Washington, DC-based think tank the World Resources Institute.

Think tanks are organizations spread all around the world, and World Resources Institute (WRI), mentioned in the text (last paragraph), is one of them. Based on the context, mark the alternative which makes part of the definition of think tank?

I Organizations that research in the area of environment a nd human well-being.

ll Organizations that analyse problems and plan future developments in social policy and culture.

lll Organizations that research and turn ideas into action by creating economic sustainable opportunities.

Responder à questão com base no texto.

TEXT

Read the text below:

Over 40,000 Americans took their own lives in 2012 — more than died in car crashes — says the American Association of Suicidology. Mondays in May see the most incidents. The rates are highest in Wyoming and Montana, perhaps because guns — which are more effective than pills — are so common there. Nationally, guns are used in half of all successful suicides. [...]

Alcohol is more dangerous than heroin

A recent study in the UK has found out that alcohol is,surprisingly, more dangerous than heroin or crack. Scientists examined 20 drugs and their effects on people and society. While heroin and crack were considered to be very harmful to individuals, heroin, alcohol and cocaine are the worst for society. The study found out that alcohol had the worst overall effects. The study also said that tobacco was at least as harmful as cocaine. Ecstasy, LSD and marijuana were considered to be the drugs that cause the least damage. Substances were marked from 0 to 100 on a scale. Alcohol received 72, the highest rating, while heroin was rated at 55 and crack at 54.

Researchers looked at 16 factors in their study, including a drug’s effect on the brain and body, how it affects the crime rate as well as the costs for the economy. Although cocaine is more addictive, alcohol is the most harmful drug our society because it is most widely used. It does the most damage to the world around us.

Alcohol is drunken by a large part of the population as a social drink. It makes you happy and loosens you up. When it enters the brain it produces a chemical called dopamine. This makes you feel happy and without stress. However, too much alcohol consumption can lead to the destruction of almost all parts of your body. People who drink alcohol are more likely to drive in a drunken state or commit violent acts. The World Health Organization estimates that alcohol causes about 3 million deaths every year, including suicides, car accidents and heart and liver diseases.

Banning alcohol is not the same as forbidding LSD, cocaine or other drugs. It is part of our culture, but the report concludes that governments should do more to educate the population and point out the dangers of alcohol consumption. Especially younger people are at a high risk. They like to combine energy drinks with alcohol. These alcopops taste good but contain a lot of alcohol and are high on calories, which leads to obesity.

O texto a seguir é referência para aquestão.

Trump's Terrible Numbers Are a Little Less Terrible

By Jonathan Bernstein

After spending August stuck right around 37.0 percent approval, Trump has rallied and, as of Sunday night, sat at 38.8 percent, according to “FiveThirtyEight” (other polling aggregators have similar results). His net approval – approval minus disapproval – is only around -16 now, after dipping below -20 in August.
That’s still awful.
The move up a couple of percentage points appears to be real. But I'd recommend being extremely cautious in interpreting the change. I’ve seen speculation that it's because Trump appears to have handled the recent hurricanes well. That’s plausible – but so is speculation that the hurricanes, regardless of Trump's actions, helped him by getting the news focus off him for a while. Or perhaps the publicity from striking deals with Democrats, no matter how little substance has been in them so far, is helping him.
There’s really no way to assess which if any of these factors might be causing the small increase. It’s too small an effect, for now at least, and there are too many stories in the news at the same time.

TEXT

The Giant African snail (Achatina fulica) is a major pest in tropical countries. Current control methods involve the use of slug pellets (metaldehyde) but they are ineffective, therefore new methods of control are needed. We investigated whether A. fulica is susceptible to the gastropod parasitic nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita, which has been developed as a biological control agent for slugs and snails in northern Europe. We exposed A. fulica to P. hermaphrodita applied at 30 and 150 nematodes per cm2 for 70 days and also assessed feeding inhibition and changes in snail weight. We show that unlike the susceptible slug species Deroceras panormitanum, which is killed less than 30 days of exposure to P. hermaphrodita, A. fulica is remarkably resistant to the nematode at both doses. Also P. hermaphrodita does not reduce feeding in A. fulica nor did it have any effect on weight gain over 70 days. Upon dissection of infected A. fulica we found that hundreds of P. hermaphrodita had been encapsulated, trapped and killed in the snail’s shell. We found that A. fulica is able to begin encapsulating P. hermaphrodita after just 3 days of exposure and the numbers of nematodes encapsulated increased over time. Taken together, we have shown that A. fulica is highly resistant to P. hermaphrodita, whichcould be due to an immune response dependent on the snail shell to encapsulate and kill invading parasitic nematodes.