O texto a seguir é referência para aquestão.

Madina, Russia, 2013

“These strange, feral children are often a source of shame and secrecy within a family or community”, writes MaryAnn Ochota on her website. “These aren’t Jungle Book stories, they’re often harrowing cases of neglect and abuse. And it’s all too likely because of a tragic combination of addiction, domestic violence and poverty. These are kids who fell through the cracks, who were forgotten, or ignored, or hidden”. According to Fullerton-Batten, “Madina lived with dogs from birth until she was three years old, sharing their food, playing with them, and sleeping with them when it was cold in winter. When social workers found her in 2013, she was naked, walking on all fours and growling like a dog. Madina’s father had left soon after her birth. Her mother, 23 years old, took to alcohol. She was frequently too drunk to look after for her child and… would sit at the table to eat while her daughter gnawed bones on the floor with the dogs”. Madina was taken into care and doctors found her to be mentally and physically healthy despite what she had been through.

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TEXTO:

British scientists have developed a lightweight and
highly sensitive brain imaging device that can be worn
as a helmet, allowing the patient to move about naturally.
Results from tests of the scanner showed that patients
[5] were able to stretch, nod and even drink tea or play
table tennis while their brain activity was being
recorded, millisecond by millisecond, by the
magnetoencephalography (MEG) system.
Researchers who developed the device said they
[10] hoped the new scanner would improve research and
treatment for patients who can’t use traditional fixed
MEG scanners, such as children with epilepsy, babies,
or patients with disorders like Parkinson’s disease.
Current MEG scanners are cumbersome and weigh
[15] as much as half a ton, partly because the sensors they
use to measure the brain’s magnetic field need to be
kept very cold - at minus 269 degrees Celsius, Barnes’
team explained. They also run into difficulties when
patients are unable to stay very still — very young

[20] children or patients with movement disorders for
example — since even a 5-millimeter movement can
mean the images are unusable.
In the helmet scanner, the researchers overcame
these problems by using quantum sensors, which are
[25] lightweight, work at room temperature and can be
placed directly onto scalp — increasing the amount of
signal they are able to pick up. Moreover, the wearable
scanner offers new possibilities in measuring peoples’
brain function during real world tasks and social
[30] interactions. “This has significant potential for impact
on our understanding of not only healthy brain function
but also on a range of neurological, neurodegenerative
and mental health conditions.”

TEXT 1

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HNSA Ships

HMS Nordkaparen

This submarine was built at Kockums Mekaniska Verkstad in Malmo. The Dragon-class submarine was delivered in 1962 and differed from earlier boats primarily in that her aft part is streamlined and fitted with a rudder in the longitudinal form of a cross. Her single propeller is less noisy than the earlier twin propellers. A wire guided system steers her torpedoes, and a novel system of storage in a revolving device in her forward compartment simplifies and shortens the time for recharging her tubes. Her original equipment included radar, snorkel ventilation and a crane on her foredeck for recovering dummy torpedoes used in training.

Kalmaesund (M13)

The minelayer Kalmarsund, M13, was built at Orlogsvarvet in Stockholm in 1953. M13 was used in Karlskrona for repairs and maintenance of the Swedish Coast Defence minefields, and for training of officers and conscripts in navigation and mine service. In 1992 she was refitted at Oskarshamn naval yard when, for instance, the mine storage was converted into crew's quarters. In 2001 she was transferred to Gothenburg. Her main task was to serve as a support-and-quartering ship for the regiment.

HMS Smaland

The largest destroyer ship in Scandinavia preserved in a museum, HMS Smaland was launched in 1952 at Eriksberg's Mekaniska Verkstad in Goteborg, and delivered to the Royal Swedish Navy in 1956. Before the destroyer was decommissioned in 1979, she had been modernized three times. On delivery, she and her sister vessel, HMS Halland were the first destroyers armed with surface to surface marine missiles. Her propulsion machinery comprises 29,000 hp steam turbines, each driving a propeller. She may be said to be the result of the 80-year development of destroyers.

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Read the text below and answer the following questionbased on it.

Virtual reality may help relieve phantom limb pain.
In a recent study, patients experienced reduced phantom limb pain after playing an augmented reality car racing game that required them to move the missing limb. Phantom limb pain is the experience of pain in a limb after it has been amputated.

The underlying mechanisms responsible for phantom limb pain remain unclear. However, it appears that it may arise as a consequence of abnormal neural circuitry in central areas of the brain.

Limited success has been achieved with mirror therapy in which reflections of the unaffected limb can be used to create the illusion that the amputated limb is moving.

The latest study has taken the mirror therapy concept a step further; patients visualise and 'move' the phantom limb using augmented reality—‘phantom motor execution’. It was conducted in 14 patients who had been experiencing phantom limb pain since the amputation of an arm.

Sensors that could detect muscular activity were attached to the stump of the missing arm. The signals received by these sensors were then used to produce an image of an active arm on a computer screen.

Patients were trained to use these signals to control the virtual arm, drive a virtual race car around a track and to copy the movements of an arm on screen with their phantom movements. After twelve 2-hour treatment sessions, the patients underwent follow-up interviews 1, 3 and 6 months later.

Based on the patients' ratings, the intensity, quality, and frequency of pain had reduced by 50% after the treatment.

At the start of the study, 12 patients reported feeling constant pain whereas only 6 did 6months after the treatment. However, one patient thought that there was not a considerable difference in the levels of phantom pain before and after treatment.

Japan’s Prisons Are a Haven for Elderly Women

Lonely seniors are shoplifting in search of the community and stability of jail.

Every aging society faces distinct challenges. But Japan, with the world’s oldest population (27.3 percent of its citizens are 65 or older, almost twice the share in the U.S.), has been dealing with one it didn’t foresee: senior crime. Complaints and arrests involving elderly people, and women in particular, are taking place at rates above those of any other demographic group. Almost 1 in 5 women in Japanese prisons is a senior. Their crimes are usually minor—9 in 10 senior women who’ve been convicted were found guilty of shoplifting.
Why have so many otherwise law-abiding elderly women resorted to petty theft? Caring for Japanese seniors once fell to families and communities, but that’s changing. From 1980 to 2015, the number of seniors living alone increased more than sixfold, to almost 6 million. And a 2017 survey by Tokyo’s government found that more than half of seniors caught shoplifting live alone; 40 percent either don’t have family or rarely speak with relatives. These people often say they have no one to turn to when they need help.
Elderly women are also often economically vulnerable— nearly half of those 65 or older who live alone also live in poverty relative to the broader population, for example, compared with 29 percent of men.
Neither the government nor the private sector has established an effective rehabilitation program for seniors, and the costs to keep them in prison are rising fast. Expenses associated with elder care helped push annual medical costs at correctional facilities past $50 million in 2015, an 80 percent increase from a decade before. Specialized workers have been hired to help older inmates with bathing and toileting during the day, but at night these tasks are handled by guards.
At some facilities, being a correctional officer has come to resemble being a nursing-home attendant. More than a third of female correctional officers quit their jobs within three years.
In 2016, Japan’s parliament passed a law aiming to ensure that recidivist seniors get support from the country’s welfare and social-service systems. Since then, prosecutor’s offices and prisons have worked closely with government agencies to get senior offenders the assistance they need. But the problems that lead these women to seek the relative comfort of jail lie beyond the system’s reach.
Adaptado de: <https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2018-03-16/japan-s-prisons-are-a-haven-for-elderly-women> Acessado em 25 de março de 2018.

Text- How to Tell if Your Sunscreen Protects You From the Sun - Here’s what you need to know.

Don’t go overboard with the SPF. The American Academy of Dermatology recommends using an SPF of at least 30, but most experts agree to not go over 50. It’s not that a higher SPF doesn’t provide any more protection, but once you get above 50, that increase is negligible. Case in point: SPF 50 blocks about 97% of UVB rays, while SPF 100 blocks about 99%.

But most sunscreen users don’t think about that; rather, they see a number that’s twice as high and assume they’ll get twice as much protection or that the protection will last twice as long, which cultivates a false sense of security that could lead to a bad burn. “SPF values above 50 are really misleading,” Lunder says. “They offer a very small increase in sunburn [UVB] protection, and they don't offer better UVA protection.” She says that the FDA is considering a rule to cap SPF values at 50, but nothing has been finalized.

And then there’s the fact that, although the increase in SPF doesn’t add much protection, it could increase your chances of negative side effects from the ingredients. “We do not recommend SPF of 50 or higher, as the minimal added protection does not outweigh the exponentially more active ingredients required to do so,” Chris Birchby, the founder of the sun-care line Coola, tells Teen Vogue. “More active ingredients increase the chances of skin irritation.”

AMAZON OPENS A SUPERMARKET WITH NO CHECKOUTS

In a move that could revolutionize the way we buy groceries, Amazon opens its first supermarket without checkouts – human or self-service – to shoppers on Monday. Amazon Go, In Seattle, has been tested by staff for the past year. Purchases are billed to customers’ credit cards when they leave the store.