- Consider the following excerpt:

Difficulty interpreting what I have come to call ‘Ahorita Time’ is a reflection of different cultural understandings of time. Dr Company explained that if she is giving a talk in Mexico and goes over her allotted time, Mexicans “feel like I am giving them a gift”. In the UK or the US, however, “The audience starts to leave, feeling like I am wasting their time”.

Use the comic strip bellow to answer question:

Read the text below and answer the following questionbased on it.

More than half your body is not human
Human cells make up only 43% of the body's total cell count. The rest are microscopic colonists.

Understanding this hidden half of ourselves - our microbiome - is rapidly transforming understanding of diseases from allergy to Parkinson's.

No matter how well you wash, nearly every nook and cranny of your body is covered in microscopic creatures.

This includes bacteria, viruses, fungi and archaea (organisms originally misclassified as bacteria). The greatest concentration of this microscopic life is in the dark murky depths of our oxygen-deprived bowels.

The human genome - the full set of genetic instructions for a human being - is made up of 20,000 instructions called genes.

But add all the genes in our microbiome together and the figure comes out between two and 20 million microbial genes.

Prof Sarkis Mazmanian, a microbiologist from Caltech, argues: "We don't have just one genome, the genes of our microbiome present essentially a second genome which augment the activity of our own.

Science is rapidly uncovering the role the microbiome plays in digestion, regulating the immune system, protecting against disease and manufacturing vital vitamins.

It is a new way of thinking about the microbial world. To date, our relationship with microbes has largely been one of warfare.

Antibiotics and vaccines have been the weapons unleashed against the likes of smallpox, Mycobacterium tuberculosis or MRSA.

That's been a good thing and has saved large numbers of lives.

But some researchers are concerned that our assault on the bad guys has done untold damage to our "good bacteria".

Prof Knight has performed experiments on mice that were born in the most sanitised world imaginable.

He says: "We were able to show that if you take lean and obese humans and take their faeces and transplant the bacteria into mice you can make the mouse thinner or fatter depending on whose microbiome it got."

"This is pretty amazing right, but the question now is will this be translatable to humans"

This is the big hope for the field, that microbes could be a new form of medicine. It is known as using "bugs as drugs".
Adaptado de: < http://www.bbc.com/news/health-43674270> Acessado em 13 de abril de 2018.

TEXTO:

New research finds that earplugs make a dramatic
difference in preventing hearing loss, especially when
it comes to recreational exposure. The study involved
50 participants, recruited on social media, who attended
[5] a music festival in Amsterdam. Through random

assignments, the researchers gave half the group
earplugs. The researchers found temporary threshold
shift (a measure of hearing loss) in 8 % of participants
who wore earplugs during the show, versus 42 percent
[10] who did not wear them. They also found that tinnitus –
ringing in the ears – occurred in 40 % of volunteers
who didn’t wear earplugs and 12% who did.
Most people don’t realize that even short-term
exposure — a single night at a loud dance club — is
[15] enough to cause what’s known as acoustic trauma. In
a person with normal hearing, sound moves from the
pinna — the cartilage at the top of the ear — and makes
its way through the ear canal to the eardrum, which
causes it to vibrate. This vibration is sent to three small
[20] bones within the ear called the malleus, incus and
stapes. Then these vibrations are passed on to the
cochlea. When the vibrations hit the cochlea, they cause
tiny hair cells attached to nerves to bend, which sends
an electric signal to the brain that’s recognized as sound.
[25] Loud noise disrupts the process, causing
overstimulation of the tiny hairs and eventually leads to
cell death in the inner ear. Most people recoup their
hearing after temporary loss due to exposure to loud
music and other overwhelming noise (including
[30] gunshots and firecrackers). Still, the researchers say,
chronic exposure to such overwhelming sound can
eventually cause irreversible damage, which is
something every passionate music lover needs to hear.

TEXT I

“There are a trillion reasons why taking time to chill out might be the last item on your to-do list. But, here's why it should be a priority: "Being stressed will increase your susceptibility to catching a cold," says Ali. That may be because, over the long term, it leads to the ongoing release of stress hormones, such as glucocorticoids. These impede your body's ability to produce cell-signaling molecules called cytokines, which trigger a disease-fighting response from your immune system. "You're also less likely to take care of yourself — get ample sleep, eat right, exercise — when you're stressed," says Ali, which is crucial to upping your immunity.

Choose the most appropriate alternative that completes the sentence bellow:

Text

Read the sentence in order to do the question below.

This is my friends' car and that one is my car.

Leia o texto a seguir e responda à questão.

Many graduates earn ‘paltry returns’ for their degree

Mr Halfon, a former skills minister, stated in his speech that the nation has “become obsessed ___________(1) full academic degrees”.

“We are creating a higher education system that overwhelmingly favours academic degrees, while intermediate and higher technical offerings are comparatively tiny. The labour market does not need an ever-growing supply of academic degrees. Between a fifth and a third of our graduates take non-graduate jobs. The extra return for having a degree varies wildly according to subject and institution. For many, the returns are paltry.”

Mr Halfon said that there is a strong need for intermediate skills. “There are skills shortages in several sectors. And there are millions ___________(2) people who want to get on in life – preferably without spending £50,000 on academic degrees,” he added. “There has been growing concern about the amount of debt students are accumulating and the interest being charged on that debt.”

A spokesman for UUK (a representative organisation for the UK’s universities) said: “Official figures are clear that, on average, university graduates continue to earn substantially more than non-graduates and are more likely to be in employment. A university degree remains an excellent investment.”

“We must, however, be careful to avoid using graduate salaries as the single measure of success in higher education. Many universities specialise in fields such ___________(3) the arts, the creative industries, nursing and public sector professions that, despite making an essential contribution to society and the economy, pay less on average.”