TEXT I

Earth song

[1] What about sunrise

[2] What about rain

[3] What about all the things that you said

[4] We were to gain

[5] What about killing fields

[6] Is there a time

[7] What about all the things

[8] That you said were yours and mine

[9] Did you ever stop to notice

[10] All the blood we've shed before

[11] Did you ever stop to notice

[12] This crying Earth, these weeping shores

[13] What have we done to the world

[14] Look what we've done

[15] What about all the peace

[16] That you pledge your only son

[17] What about flowering fields

[18] Is there a time

[19] What about all the dreams

[20] That you said was yours and mine

[21] Did you ever stop to notice

[22] All the children dead from war

[23] Did you ever stop to notice

[24] This crying earth, these weeping shores

[25] I used to dream

[26] I used to glance beyond the stars

[27] Now I don't know where we are

[28] Although I know we've drifted far

[…]

Which option completes the sentence below correctly?

Big U.S. tobacco companies are all developing e-cigarettes. The battery-powered gadgets feature a glowing tip and a heating element that turns liquid nicotine and flavorings into a cloud of vapor that users inhale. Some past research has suggested that using e-cigarettes may help smokers cut down on use of traditional tobacco products, or even transition entirely away from tobacco – an idea aggressively marketed by e-cigarette and tobacco companies.
But a recent European study says that smokers who also use e-cigarettes may be half as likely to give up tobacco as smokers who never vape at all.
Researchers analyzed data from a 2014 survey of more than 13,000 current or former smokers in the European Union. About 2,500 had tried vaping at least once; 46% of the participants were former smokers and 19% currently or previously used e-cigarettes. The study revealed that people smoked an average of about 14 cigarettes a day when they didn’t vape, and around 16 cigarettes a day when they did.

“This is important because e-cigarettes are widely promoted as a smoking cessation tool”, said senior author Stanton Glantz of California, San Francisco. “And, while there is no question that some smokers do successfully quit with e-cigarettes, they keep many more people smoking”, he added.
“Most adult smokers express a desire to quit, and many try and fail”, said Samir Soneji, a health policy researcher in New Hampshire. “E-cigarettes might seem like an appealing cessation tool because the devices in some ways mimic the smoking, but nicotine gum or patches may be more effective.”
RAPAPORT, Lisa. Disponível em: <www.foxnews.com>. Acesso em: abr. 2018. Adaptado.

Considering the recent European study about e-cigarettes, fill in the parentheses with T (True) or F (False).

( ) Over thirteen thousand people took part in the survey.
( ) All the participants had been cigarette smokers at some point.
( ) The smokers in the study used more cigarettes a day when they vaped.
( ) None of the participants had tried e-cigarettes before the survey.

Read the following text to answer question.

Human beings have adapted to the physical world not by changing their physical nature but by adjusting their society. Animals and plants have made adjustments, over long periods, by the development of radical changes in their very organisms. Hereditary differences meet needs of various environments. But among humans, differences in head form and in other physical features are not, in most cases, clearly adaptive. Nor is it clear that mental capacities of races are different. As far as we know, the races are equally intelligent and equally capable of solving their problems of living together. The varying ways of life, it seems, are social and learned differences, not physical or inherited differences. It stands to reason, therefore, that man's adjustment to his surroundings should be studied in custom and institution, notin anatomy and neural structure.

Read the following text to answer question.

Life on Earth has always been exposed to a certain amount of radiation ffom natural sources which comes in part from cosmic rays. Also present in our environment is radiation from the radioactive elements that occur naturally such as radium, thorium, and uranium.

One of the most serious problems that can result from radiation given off by nuclear reactions is damage to the genes, the cells in living organisms that control hereditary factors. Exposure to radiation can cause a mutation, a change in some inherited characteristics of the organisms. Only a very small proportion of mutations are beneficial to the organism.

The nuclear reactors that have been developed for experimental and peaceful purposes are surrounded by a heavy protective shield of concrete, or sometimes of lead, to protectthe people who work with them.

A further problem involves the disposal of radioactive wastes. As the number of nuclear reactors in existence has increased into the environment because they could create a potential hazard for all living things in the world.

Experimentation is going on constantly to find safe methods of getting rid ofthe harmful by-products of nuclear reactions.

TEXTO:

People can successfully lose weight using a variety
of methods. About 45% of people in the National Weight
Control Registry say they lost weight following various
diets on their own, and 55% say they used a structured
[5] weight-loss program. Most of the men and women say
they had to try more than one diet before they were
able to keep the weight off long term. There’s currently
a push for weight loss plans to allow flexibility for people
to find what type of lifestyle suits them. Dr. Yoni
[10] Freedhoff, an obesity expert, starts men and women at
his clinic on the same plan, but lets everyone diverge
from it. “We have a plan that involves getting enough
calories and protein and so forth, but we are not married
to it,” he said. “Everyone here is doing things slightly
[15] differently.

Fill in the parentheses with T (True) or F (False).

It’s stated in the text:

( ) People who follow their own diets are more likely to gain weight.

( ) Following a diet plan can help you maintain the weight loss over a long period of time.

( ) Trying different diets has shown to be effective for lots of people involved in weight loss plans.

( ) Nowadays, people are advised to choose the diet they find to be the most convenient for them.

ZOMBIE NEUROSCIENCE

I don’t know if cockroaches dream, but I imagine if they do, jewel wasps feature prominently in their nightmares. These small, solitary tropical wasps are of little concern to us humans; after all, they don’t manipulate our minds so that they can serve us up as willing, living meals to their newborns, as they do to unsuspecting cockroaches. The story is simple, if grotesque: the female wasp controls the minds of the cockroaches she feeds to her offspring, taking away their sense of fear or will to escape their fate. What turns a once healthy cockroach into a mindless zombie it’s venom. Not just any venom, either: a specific venom that acts like a drug, targeting the cockroach's brain.

The question refer to the text below.

AUGMENTATION OF BRAIN FUNCTION: FACTS, FICTION AND CONTROVERSY

[1] Augmentation of brain function is no longer just a theme of science fiction. ________________(I) advances in

neural sciences, it has become a matter of reality that a person may consider at some point in life, for example

as a treatment of a neurodegenerative disease. Currently, several approaches offer enhancements for sensory,

motor and cognitive brain functions,________________(II) for mood and emotions. Such enhancements may be

[5] achieved pharmacologically, using brain implants for recordings, stimulation and drug delivery,________________(III)

employing brain-machine interfaces, or even by ablation of certain brain areas.

In this Research Topic, we welcome papers critically evaluating the existing methods of brain

augmentation, introducing new approaches and probing particular parts of brain circuitry and particular

neuronal mechanisms as candidates for an enhancement. We welcome scientists from different fields: from

[10] neuroscience of microcircuits to systems neuroscience of large-scale networks and neural engineering. The

work can be experimental or computational. Reviews and papers on philosophical and ethical issues are

________________(IV) welcome.

While the scope of possible relevant topics is broad, the authors are encouraged to clearly indicate how

their studies address the announced theme of brain augmentation.

[15]

Important Note: All contributions to this Research Topic must be within the scope of the section and

journal to which they are submitted, as defined in their mission statements. Frontiers reserves the right to guide

an out-of-scope manuscript to a more suitable section or journal at any stage of peer review.