Se na Antiguidade existiu a crença de que as doenças eram enviadas aos homens pelos deuses como castigo por suas faltas, foi também durante esse largo período histórico que surgiram as primeiras formulações de que as doenças eram provocadas por fatores naturais, a exemplo de Hipócrates (século IV a.C.). [...]

Durante a Idade Média vigorou a ideia de que as práticas mágicas e religiosas eram fatores determinantes para a manifestação das doenças; no entanto, os médicos do medievo também difundiram o conceito de contaminação e a necessidade da quarentena como forma de contenção da propagação de epidemias. Nas faculdades medievais de medicina conviviam os ensinamentos de Hipócrates, os de Galeno e de alguns médicos do mundo árabe.

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Is vitamin D really a cure-all – and how should we get our fix?

Evidence is growing that the ‘sunshine vitamin’ helps protect against a wide range of conditions including cancers

Vitamin D is having quite a moment. In the past few months, evidence has been growing that the “sunshine vitamin” not only has an important role in bone and muscle health, but might also help prevent a range of cancers, reduce the chance of developing rheumatoid arthritis, protect against multiple sclerosis and cut the risk of colds and flu.

Vitamin D is not one chemical, but a label that covers a group of substances, including vitamin D2 and D3. The latter is the form made when sunlight hits your skin and is also found in other animals. Non-animal sources such as fungi and yeasts primarily produce the D2 form. Once in the body, these substances are converted into biologically active steroids that circulate in the blood.

Martin Hewison, professor of molecular endocrinology at the University of Birmingham, who carried out the recent study into vitamin D and rheumatoid arthritis, said evidence from cell studies backs up the idea that the vitamin is important. “In most of the models, vitamin D appears to have quite a positive effect,” he said. “If you are using cancer cell lines or cancer cells, vitamin D has anti-cancer effects, and likewise in cells that have been used for models for infection and immune disorders, vitamin D has quite clear antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects.” But when it comes to studies in humans, the picture is far from clear-cut.

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There Must Be More To Life Than This

There must be more to life than this
There must be more to life than this
How do we cope in a world without love
Mending all those broken hearts
[5] And tending to those crying faces

There must be more to life than living
A better way for us to survive
Why should it be just a case of black or white
There must be more to life than this

[10] Why is this world so full of hate
People dying everywhere
And we destroy what we create
People fighting for their human rights
But we just go on saying c’est la vie
[15] So this is life

There must be more to life than killing
There must be more than meets the eye
What good is life, if in the end we all must die
There must be more to life than this

[20] There must be more to life than killing
There must be more to life than this
I live in hope for a world filled with love
Then we can all just live in peace

There must be more to life, much more to life
[25] There must be more to life, more to life than this

Queen and Michael Jackson

“There must be more to life than meets the eye” (l. 17)

TEXTO:

From paleo to keto, low carb diets have been
hailed by some as the ultimate method for losing weight
in recent decades. A study involving 24,825 participants
who took part in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition
[5] Examination Survey indicated that those who ate the
least carbohydrates had a 32 percent higher risk of
premature death compared with those who ate the most
carbohydrates. The participants were 47.6 years old
on average, and 51 percent were women. The risk of
[10] dying of heart disease was 51 percent higher for this
group, while cerebrovascular disease was 50 percent,
and cancer at 35 percent.

According to Dr Maciej Banach, professor of
medicine in Poland, low carbohydrate diets have been
[15] regarded as beneficial for our health in the past, but
based on his team’s research it is now clear that is not
true. And even though such regimes aid weight loss,
the public should be very careful when following very
restrictive diets, particularly those that feature no
[20] carbohydrates for long periods of time.

What makes low carb diets appear to be so
dangerous? Banach pointed to previous studies which
have linked animal protein, and red meat and processed
meat in particular, to a higher risk of cancer. “The
[25] reduced intake of fiber and fruits and increased intake
of animal protein, cholesterol, and saturated fat with
these diets may play a role. Differences in minerals,
vitamins and phytochemicals might also be involved,”
he said.

Most of us don’t enjoy having difficult conversations. When we have a difficult conversation with someone from a different culture, however, our task becomes harder.

Getting down to business vs. relationship building: In some countries like the U.S., people view conversations as an opportunity to exchange information. Participants expect each other to get down to business fairly quickly. However, in countries such as Mexico, conversations are first and foremost an opportunity to enhance the relationship.

Direct vs. indirect communication: In countries like Germany, it is a sign of respect and professionalism to speak clearly and leave no room for misinterpretation. By contrast, in countries like Japan, people prefer to communicate indirectly, especially when it comes to a sensitive topic.

Low vs. high context: In countries like Canada, the message of a conversation is primarily contained within the exact words that are spoken. In other countries, like South Korea, they read between the lines in the words that are spoken and pay very close attention to the emotional side of the message.

Informality vs. formality: In some countries, such as Australia, where people are generally casual and laid back, they might interpret an overtly formal setting as a sign that the situation was worse than they’d thought. Yet in other countries, like Poland, meeting in a formal office with some observance of protocol would be expected.

Complete the sentences with the correct adverb form from the following list:

a: happily; b: in Miami; c: perhaps; d: usually; e: carefully

I - I’ve checked my homework ________________.
II - ________________ it’s going to rain.
III - They ________________ drive to work.
IV - I met him ________________.
V - The children were playing ________________.

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