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TEXTO:

From paleo to keto, low carb diets have been
hailed by some as the ultimate method for losing weight
in recent decades. A study involving 24,825 participants
who took part in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition
[5] Examination Survey indicated that those who ate the
least carbohydrates had a 32 percent higher risk of
premature death compared with those who ate the most
carbohydrates. The participants were 47.6 years old
on average, and 51 percent were women. The risk of
[10] dying of heart disease was 51 percent higher for this
group, while cerebrovascular disease was 50 percent,
and cancer at 35 percent.

According to Dr Maciej Banach, professor of
medicine in Poland, low carbohydrate diets have been
[15] regarded as beneficial for our health in the past, but
based on his team’s research it is now clear that is not
true. And even though such regimes aid weight loss,
the public should be very careful when following very
restrictive diets, particularly those that feature no
[20] carbohydrates for long periods of time.

What makes low carb diets appear to be so
dangerous? Banach pointed to previous studies which
have linked animal protein, and red meat and processed
meat in particular, to a higher risk of cancer. “The
[25] reduced intake of fiber and fruits and increased intake
of animal protein, cholesterol, and saturated fat with
these diets may play a role. Differences in minerals,
vitamins and phytochemicals might also be involved,”
he said.

TEXTO:

From paleo to keto, low carb diets have been
hailed by some as the ultimate method for losing weight
in recent decades. A study involving 24,825 participants
who took part in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition
[5] Examination Survey indicated that those who ate the
least carbohydrates had a 32 percent higher risk of
premature death compared with those who ate the most
carbohydrates. The participants were 47.6 years old
on average, and 51 percent were women. The risk of
[10] dying of heart disease was 51 percent higher for this
group, while cerebrovascular disease was 50 percent,
and cancer at 35 percent.

According to Dr Maciej Banach, professor of
medicine in Poland, low carbohydrate diets have been
[15] regarded as beneficial for our health in the past, but
based on his team’s research it is now clear that is not
true. And even though such regimes aid weight loss,
the public should be very careful when following very
restrictive diets, particularly those that feature no
[20] carbohydrates for long periods of time.

What makes low carb diets appear to be so
dangerous? Banach pointed to previous studies which
have linked animal protein, and red meat and processed
meat in particular, to a higher risk of cancer. “The
[25] reduced intake of fiber and fruits and increased intake
of animal protein, cholesterol, and saturated fat with
these diets may play a role. Differences in minerals,
vitamins and phytochemicals might also be involved,”
he said.

Text: Bonfire of the Fleas

Here's a guaranteed surefire method to completely eliminate a flea infestation on your dog or around its doghouse. First, late in the evening, chain your dog to its doghouse. Then, at a safe distance, build a small bonfire and let it bum ovemight near the dog's house. Fleas are insatiably attracted to heat and will soon become enamored of the fire, leave your dog and its environs, jump into the flames, and die. The next day you will find that all of the fleas are gone.

Adolescents: health risks and solutions

Around 1.2 billion people, or 1 in 6 of the world‘s population, are adolescents aged 10 to 19. Most are healthy, but there is still substantial premature death, illness, and injury among adolescents. Illnesses can hinder their ability to grow and develop to their full potential. Alcohol or tobacco use, lack of physical activity, unprotected sex and/or exposure to violence can jeopardize not onlytheir current health, but also their health as adults, and even the health of their future children.

Promoting healthy behaviors during adolescence, and taking steps to better protect young people from health risks are critical for the prevention of health problems in adulthood, and for countries‘ future health and ability to develop and thrive.

Key facts

- Estimated 1.2 million adolescents died in 2015, over 3000 every day, mostly from preventable or treatable causes.
- Road traffic injuries were the leading cause of death in 2015. Other major causes of adolescent deaths include lower

Analyze the items below.

I - Adolescent ability can grow and develop by illnesses.

II - Around 1.2 billion adolescents have been having health problems.

III - Adolescent health has been threatened by alcohol or tobacco use and by lack of physical activity. IV - Promoting healthy behaviors during adolescence can help in the prevention of health problems in adulthood.

Read the dialogue to answer.

A: Leah has been overly amiable to me these days.

B: I know __________________, the school finals are just around the corner and she needs help.

Read the text and choose the correct option for the question

1. Comprehensive lifestyle changes including a better diet and more exercise can lead not only to a better physique, but also to swift and dramatic changes at the genetic level, U.S. researchers said on Monday. In a small study, the researchers tracked 30 men with low-risk prostate cancer who decided against conventional medical treatment such as surgery and radiation orhormone therapy.
2. The men underwent three months of major lifestyle changes, including eating a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes and soy products, moderate exercise such as walking for half an hour a day, and an hour of daily stress management methods such as meditation. As expected, they lost weight, lowered their blood pressure and saw other health improvements. But the researchers found more profound changes when they compared prostate biopsies taken before and after the lifestyle changes. After the three months, the men had changes in activity in about 500 genes -- including 48 that were turned on and 453 genes that were turned off.

3. The activity of disease-preventing genes increased while a number of disease-promoting genes, including those involved in prostate cancer and breast cancer, shut down, according to the study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

4. The research was led by Dr. Dean Ornish, head of the Preventive Medicine Research Institute in Sausalito, California, and a well-known author advocating lifestyle changes to improve health. "It's an exciting finding because so often people say, Oh, it's all in my genes, what can | do? Well, itturns out you may be able to do a lot," Ornish, who is also affiliated with the University of California, San Francisco, said in a telephone interview. "In just three months, | can change hundreds of my genes simply by changing what | eat and how | live”?! That's pretty exciting,” Ornish said. “The implications of our study are not limited to men with prostate cancer”.

INSTRUÇÃO: Leia o texto que segue para responder à questão.

HIGHLAND LIFE
What is life like for people who live in the Highlands of Scotland?

Scotland, famous for its whisky, its wool, its kilts, and many other fine things, covers about a third of the
territory of Great Britain. Britain has a population of about 64 million inhabitants — yet less than ten per cent of them
now live in Scotland, about 5.3 million people. And most of those 5.3 million people live in or near three urban centres,
Glasgow, Edinburgh, and Dundee.
[5] In the Highlands, which cover most of Scotland, the population is very thin. In many places — if there is
actually a road — you can drive for over 30 kilometres without seeing any human habitation, except perhaps a solitary
"croft", a small farm. Yet here and there, there are small towns; most of them are beside the sea. They have their
inhabitants and their economic activities, their children and their teenagers.
This Highlander, in traditional military uniform, is carrying bagpipes, and wearing a kilt. He also has a black
[10] leather sporran.
What is "a Highlander"?
If you ask someone to describe a Highlander to you, he will probably come up with the type of image you see
in whisky advertisements. A man wearing a kilt and a sporran, and standing on a misty mountain near a haunted
castle. The man plays the bagpipes, eats porridge and haggis, and drinks whisky. Now while it is true that whisky is
[15] indeed a favourite drink in the Highlands, the rest of the image is a long way from everyday reality.
Few Highlanders wear the kilt, except on special occasions or for ceremony.
Clans, Kilts & Tartans
You can't talk of the Highlands without talking of clans and kilts and tartans. A "clan" is a sort of tribe — a
group of people who belong to the same extended family, or have the same historic origin. In the past, each part of
[20] the Highlands was the territory of a clan. Clans were closely linked communities, each with its own chief. Clans were
— and still are — distinguished by their tartan. A tartan is a specific design, a criss-cross of couloured threads, which
is used for ceremonial clothes, such as the kilt or the plaid.

Text

Why Study Philosophy? What is Philosophy, and Why Should I Study It?

“Philosophy” comes from Greek words meaning “love of wisdom.” Philosophy uses the tools of logic and reason to analyze the ways in which humans experience the world. It teaches critical thinking, close reading, clear writing, and logical analysis; it uses these to understand the language we use to describe the world, and our place within it. Different areas of philosophy are distinguished by the questions they ask. Do our senses accurately describe reality? What makes wrong actions wrong? How should we live? These are philosophical questions, and philosophy teaches the ways in which we might begin to answer them.

Students who learn philosophy get a great many benefits from doing so. The tools taught by philosophy are of great use in further education, and in employment. Despite the seemingly abstract nature of the questions philosophers ask, the tools philosophy teaches tend to be highly sought-after by employers. Philosophy students learn how to write clearly, and to read closely, with a critical eye; they are taught to spot bad reasoning, and how to avoid it in their writing and in their work. It is therefore not surprising that philosophy students have historically scored more highly on tests like the LSAT and GRE, on average, than almost any other discipline. Many of our students combine studying philosophy with studying other disciplines.

The most important reason to study philosophy is that it is of enormous and enduring interest. All of us have to answer, for ourselves, the questions asked by philosophers. In this department, students can learn how to ask the questions well, and how we might begin to develop responses. Philosophy is important, but it is also enormously enjoyable, and our faculty contains many award-winning teachers who make the process of learning about philosophy fun. Our faculty are committed to a participatory style of teaching, in which students are provided with the tools and the opportunity to develop and express their own philosophical views.

Read the text below for question

Would you trust a smartphone app as a contraceptive?

The Natural Cycles fertility app combines the use of a thermometer to measure body temperature with calendar calculating methods – often referred to as the rhythm method – to work out the days when a woman would be at high or low risk of pregnancy.

More than 4,000 women were included in this Swedish study looking at how effective the app is at preventing pregnancy. A total of 143 unplanned pregnancies occurred during the study period, 10 of which were the result of the app falsely indicating a safe day. Data collected by the app was used to work out that, if used exactly as advised, 5 women out of every 1,000 will accidentally become pregnant, and 7 out of every 100 women will become pregnant for "typical use" (not using the app correctly), each year.

This app may be attractive for women who are unwilling to use other forms of contraception, possibly for religious or cultural reasons, or because they have concerns about the side effects of hormonal contraception.

This app may also help indicate the best days to try to conceive. But an obvious disadvantage of this contraceptive method is that the app does not protect against sexually transmitted infections in the same way as a condom.

Further research weighing an app like this against established contraceptive methods would be required to confirm whether its effectiveness is comparable.