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Is owning a dog good for your health?

Dogs really are our best friends, according to a Swedish study that says canine ownership could reduce heart disease. A study of 3.4 million people between the ages of 40 and 80 found that having a dog was associated with a 23% reduction in death from heart disease and a 20% lower risk of dying from any cause over the 12 years of the study.

Previous studies have suggested dogs relieve social isolation and depression – both linked to an increased risk of heart disease and early death. Dog owners show better responses to stress, their blood pressure and pulse rates don’t soar, have higher levels of physical activity and slightly lower cholesterol levels. The American Heart Association was sufficiently swayed by a review of dozens of studies to release a statement in 2013 saying that owning a dog “was probably” associated with a reduced risk of heart disease. Their reluctance to more strongly endorse dog ownership is because most studies are what is called observational – researchers note an association, but can’t prove causation. This means that other factors might explain why dog owners are healthier than, say, goldfish owners – for example, perhaps only people who are fit in the first place buy pets that need daily walks.

Tove Fall, an epidemiologist and the lead author of this latest study, says they tried their best to allow for any differences in education, existing ill-health and lifestyles between those with and without dogs. The study found the biggest positive impact of having a dog was on people living alone. “It seems that a dog can be a substitute for living with other people in terms of reducing the risk of dying,” says Fall. “Dogs encourage you to walk, they provide social support and they make life more meaningful. If you have a dog, you interact more with other people. If you do get ill and go into hospital and you have a dog, there’s a huge motivation to try to get back home.” Of course, getting a dog and watching it from your sofa while you eat fatty food is not going to reduce your risk of heart disease.

Read Garfield, a comic strip, by Jim Davis.

Read the following text:

Excluded students being abandoned

and failed by education system, MP warn

[...]

Mainstream schools should be bastions of inclusion, and intentionally or not, this is not true of all mainstream schools,” the report said. “We have also seen an alarming increase in ‘hidden’ exclusions.”

The committee also noted heightened concerns about “off-rolling” – also referred to as backdoor exclusions – and the impact of reforms on school performance measures.

The [education] department cannot wash its hands of the issue, just as schools cannot wash their hands of their pupils,” the report said.

It added that the government’s focus on school standards had led to practices that have resulted in disadvantaged children – such as those with special needs – being disproportionately excluded.]

Children with special education needs and disabilities should have the same opportunities given to the other pupils at school. According to the text, this is not happening. In some cases, “challenging” pupils are even excluded from school.

This happened two or three years ago in Indonesia on a business trip... and I was invited to the Area Manager’s house for dinner, which was lovely. I met his wife and children. The kids were terribly sweet. Especially his son was only ten years old. He was so cute! Anyway, I patted the boy on his head … and I noticed that everybody looked embarrassed. I knew I’d done something wrong, but I didn’t know what it was. I learnt afterwards that in Indonesia you must never touch someone’s head, because it’s rude. Anyway, my hosts were really nice and I had an enjoyable evening. In fact, I saw them again earlier this year. Their son is a lot taller now and I can’t even touch his head.

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TEXT

Emergency after 70,000 Venezuelan migrants cross Brazil border

A state of “social emergency” has been declared in Brazil in response to the massive influx of Venezuelan migrants fleeing economic meltdown at home. President Temer said that funds could be immediately transferred to the northern state of Roraima, which shares a border with Venezuela, and that troops patrolling the border would be doubled to 200. About 70,000 Venezuelans have crossed into Roraima in recent months, with at least 40,000 settling in Boa Vista, the state capital, according to migration authorities. Many arrive on foot with almost nothing, lacking enough money to pay for food and shelter. […]

O TEXT retrata uma situação em andamento nas fronteiras da região Norte do Brasil.

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TEXTO

A respeito da Grécia Antiga, leia as afirmativas abaixo e assinale a alternativa correta

I. A Grécia era chamada pelos antigos gregos de Hélade, que queria dizer “terra dos helenos”, referência a um lendário personagem, Heleno, cujos filhos teriam povoado aregião.

II. O período compreendido entre a ascensão de Alexandre ao poder, em 336 a.C, e o domínio da Grécia pelos romanos, em 146 a.C., é comumente denominadoPeríodoHelenístico(séculos IVaIIa.C).

III. Educado pelo filósofo grego Aristóteles (384-322 a.C.), Alexandre admirava a cultura grega e queria vê-la difundida pelo mundo.

IV. Conforme expandia seu império, Alexandre criava centros de irradiação cultural que promoviam a divulgação dosaber científico e das formasartísticas e literárias daGrécia.