The boxer

I am just a poor boy, though my story’s seldom told
I have squandered my resistance for a pocketful of mumbles, such are promises
All lies and jest, still a man hears what he wants to hear
And disregards the rest

[05] When I left my home and my family, I was no more than a boy
In the company of strangers
In the quiet of the railway station, runnin’ scared, laying low,
Seeking out the poorer quarters, where the ragged people go
Looking for the places only they would know
[10] Lie la lie, lie la la la lie lie

Asking only workman’s wages, I come looking for a job
But I get no offers
Just a come-on from the whores on 7th Avenue
I do declare, there were times when I was so lonesome
[15] I took some comfort there

Now the years are rolling by me
They are rockin’ evenly
I am older than I once was
And younger than I’ll be; that’s not unusual
[20] Nor is it strange
After changes upon changes
We are more or less the same

After changes we are more or less the same
And I’m laying out my winter clothes and wishing I was gone
[25] Goin’ home
Where the New York City winters aren’t bleedin’ me
Leadin’ me
Goin’ home

In the clearing stands a boxer and a fighter by his trade
[30] And he carries the reminders
Of every glove that laid him down or cut him
‘Til he cried out in his anger and his shame
“I am leaving, I am leaving”, but the fighter still remains

Nor is it strange (l. 20)

The inversion observed in the line above emphasizes what is being said.

Leia o texto para responder a questão.

It’s probable you’ve already replied to a couple of emails today, sent some chat messages and maybe performed a quick internet search. As the day wears on you will doubtless spend even more time browsing online, uploading images, playing music and streaming video.

Each of these activities you perform online comes with a small cost — a few grams of carbon dioxide are emitted due to the energy needed to run your devices and power the wireless networks you access. Less obvious, but perhaps even more energy intensive, are the data centres and vast servers needed to support the internet and store the content we access over it.

Although the energy needed for a single internet search or email is small, approximately 4.1 billion people, or 53.6% of the global population, now use the internet. Those scraps of energy, and the associated greenhouse gases emitted with each online activity, can add up.

If we were to rather crudely divide the 1.7 billion tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions estimated to be produced in the manufacture and running of digital technologies between all internet users around the world, it means each of us is responsible for 400 g of carbon dioxide a year.

But things are not that simple — this figure can vary depending where in the world you are. Internet users in some parts of the globe will have a disproportionately large footprint. One study estimated that 10 years ago, the average Australian internet user was responsible for the equivalent of 81 kg of carbon dioxide being emitted into the atmosphere. Improvements in energy efficiency, economies of scale and use of renewable energy will doubtless have reduced this, but it is clear that people in developed nations still account for the majority of the internet’s carbon footprint.

During the pandemic, universities had to quickly co-ordinate with administrative staff, professors, (1) ________ and technical teams to transfer courses online to complete their academic year. This required (2) ________ and students to rapidly master the use of learning management systems (such as Moodle, Blackboard, Google Education and others) and (3) ________ learning communication software products (such as Zoom, Skype and Teams) to name a few. Students and university (4) ________ had to make significant adjustments. Beyond using what to many were unfamiliar (5) ________ media and teaching tools, they also had to adapt to new methods of (6) ________, classroom interaction, teaching practices and student-faculty communication.

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

The idea of comfort food sounds great in theory, but many of society’s favourite feel-good foods lack ideal nutrients. This leaves eaters feeling cranky, not comforted. “Some of the main dietary contributors to low or bad mood are too much sugar and too many starchy and refined carbohydrates,” British nutritional therapist Claudia Smith told Huffington Post. “If you eat too much of these foods, you can end up with blood sugar spikes and crashes, which can lead to symptoms such as low mood, irritability, brain fog, anxiety, fatigue and difficulty concentrating.”

Common comfort foods such as cookies or french fries activate reward triggers in our brains, Smith said. They give us something to look forward to or get excited about. Psychologist and well-being consultant Lee Chambers told Huffington Post that comfort foods do provide a hit of pleasureinducing dopamine, but that pleasure is fleeting.

“Emotional eating is a cyclical process where low mood leads to eating foods likely to spike your blood sugar, giving us a dose of dopamine, but then it drops at the same time as we start to feel guilty,” Chambers told Huffington Post. “This combination often makes us feel a lack of satisfaction, with feelings of guilt, shame and regret.”

Even worse? Comfort foods often lead to overeating. “Over time, high consumption of highly palatable foods may actually lead to a reduced sensitivity of this brain-reward response,” Smith said. “You may find yourself needing to eat more and more to experience the same effect.”

Analise o cartum.

De acordo com o texto, a união dos reinos propiciou mais do que somente a junção de seus territórios, e resultou também em:

I. It gave birth to an intellectual and scientific revolution, centred on Edinburgh as well as London.

II. An industrial revolution.

III. An empire built as much by Scots as Englishmen.

IV. A military power which helped save the world from fascism.

V. The Scottish bankruptcy after an ill-fated American investment.

Read the text below and answer the followingquestion based on it.

The importance of feeling pain

Why is it important to feel pain?

Pain plays an important role in the lives of humans. It presumably serves to protect us from harm by making us associate certain harmful actions with a sensation of pain. And to alert us to diseases or conditions which we may have.

Pain also produces an emotional reaction, not just a physical one. Some pain can be caused by grief or depression, but are not easy to measure or to classify.

Then again, the absence of pain can encourage certain other actions. You are more likely to pick up the plate that is not piping hot than the one that is. You might have to do a quick touch test in order to tell the difference.

Everyone experiences pain at certain times in their lives.

The body is incredibly efficient at registering messages of pain, and extremely quick in getting you to perform an appropriate action in order to lessen the pain sensation. Touch an extremely hot object, for instance, and the impulse or message goes from the nerves in your fingertips, along your spinal cord to your brain. It almost instantly, within a fraction of a second, sends back the message to you to remove your finger immediately from the source of the heat.

Your nervous system consists of two parts: the central nervous system, which consists of your spinal cord and your brain, and the sensory or motor nerves, which form the socalled peripheral nervous system. The pain signal is sent to the thalamus, from where it is sent to the limbic system in order to interpret the pain. Is it a stabbing feeling? Is it a burn? Is it a fracture?

But it’s not that simple, as many things such as your state of mind, your state of health, your age, experiences you have had in the past and your expectations can all influence how severely you experience the pain.

A surge of adrenaline through your system at the time of an injury can make you realise only a while after an accident that you have injured yourself. Adrenaline functions a bit like a built-in painkiller. But it is, alas temporary.

The two most common kinds of pain are chronic pain and acute pain.

Read the text to answer question.

‘The Terror of Blue John Gap’ is a short story written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, first published in 1912. He is best known as the creator of the great fictional detective, Sherlock Holmes. This story is set in the English county of Derbyshire, in the Peak District, near the village of Castleton. The main action takes place in the old, disused Blue John mines in the area. Blue John Stone is a rare, semi-precious mineral.

The story is as a series of diary entries, written by Dr James Hardcastle and found after his disappearance. Armitage, a local man, who introduces the story, describes Hardcastle as a rational and scientific man, “absolutely devoid of imagination, and most unlikely to invent any abnormal series of events”. Dr Hardcastle has been sent to the country to recover from tuberculosis. He is staying on a farm, near the town of Castleton. He spends his time walking in the hills, and he becomes interested in the old disused mines and caves under the hills. Armitage tells Dr Hardcastle the legend of Blue John Gap.

Local people say there is a monster that lives in the underground caves and comes out at night to steal sheep. Armitage says he has heard the monster. Dr Hardcastle is surprised by how superstitious the locals are, until he himself hears the strange noise, too. He decides to explore the cave when he is feeling stronger. Dr Hardcastle starts to explore the entrance of the cave, and wonders if it is possible that some kind of strange creature lives in the underground caves. While in the caves, his candle goes out and he is left in the dark. He hears strange noises and feels the presence of the monster. He immediately runs out of the caves, frightened by his experience, and then he decides to tell someone about what happened. He goes to visit a local doctor. The doctor refers him to a specialist, but Dr Hardcastle chooses not to talk to him. At the same time, sheep go missing on the hills near Blue John Gap. When Armitage also goes missing, Dr Hardcastle decides to tell the police about his experience and yet they laugh at him, so Dr Hardcastle decides to face the monster on his own. He buys a lantern and a rifle, and leaves a note in his bedroom, telling his hosts to look for him in Blue John Gap if he goes missing.

The text above is about a literary fictional narrative, a mystery short story. The narrative typology presents certain characteristics, some of which are indicated in the text.

Read the text below and answer the followingquestion based on it.

The importance of feeling pain

Why is it important to feel pain?

Pain plays an important role in the lives of humans. It presumably serves to protect us from harm by making us associate certain harmful actions with a sensation of pain. And to alert us to diseases or conditions which we may have.

Pain also produces an emotional reaction, not just a physical one. Some pain can be caused by grief or depression, but are not easy to measure or to classify.

Then again, the absence of pain can encourage certain other actions. You are more likely to pick up the plate that is not piping hot than the one that is. You might have to do a quick touch test in order to tell the difference.

Everyone experiences pain at certain times in their lives.

The body is incredibly efficient at registering messages of pain, and extremely quick in getting you to perform an appropriate action in order to lessen the pain sensation. Touch an extremely hot object, for instance, and the impulse or message goes from the nerves in your fingertips, along your spinal cord to your brain. It almost instantly, within a fraction of a second, sends back the message to you to remove your finger immediately from the source of the heat.

Your nervous system consists of two parts: the central nervous system, which consists of your spinal cord and your brain, and the sensory or motor nerves, which form the socalled peripheral nervous system. The pain signal is sent to the thalamus, from where it is sent to the limbic system in order to interpret the pain. Is it a stabbing feeling? Is it a burn? Is it a fracture?

But it’s not that simple, as many things such as your state of mind, your state of health, your age, experiences you have had in the past and your expectations can all influence how severely you experience the pain.

A surge of adrenaline through your system at the time of an injury can make you realise only a while after an accident that you have injured yourself. Adrenaline functions a bit like a built-in painkiller. But it is, alas temporary.

The two most common kinds of pain are chronic pain and acute pain.

Em uma entrevista, a escritora nigeriana Ayobami Adebayo refletiu sobre os personagens principais (Yejide e Akin) e o contexto sociopolítico de seu romance Stay With Me.

While writing, I also started thinking about the middle class in Nigeria. When Yejide visits her mother-in-law, there’s a very low fence in front of their house. It’s barely a fence. When Yejide and Akin build their own house in the early nineties, they erect a fence that’s higher than the house. You can’t see inside. That was something I observed about architecture in Nigeria—that at some point, probably in the eighties and nineties, when things became quite turbulent and there was all of this insecurity, one of the ways the people who could afford to insulate themselves against what was going on did was to build higher fences, to use money as a shield in a sense. I wanted that political turbulence to play in the background.