Texto- The UK Keeps Sending Plastic Waste to Poor Countries, Defying Past Pledge - UK citizens produce more plastic waste than nearly any other country

Parte I

The UK is sending plastic waste to low-and middle-income countries despite a partial ban on the practice that went into effect across the EU on Jan. 1, 2021, according to the Guardian.

The EU-wide ban, which prevents shipments of plastic waste to countries outside of the Organization of Economic Cooperations and Development, was developed while the UK was still a part of the political bloc. The UK government had said that it wouldn’t backslide on environmental commitments after its departure from the EU, but the ongoing shipment of plastic waste shows that it’s already falling behind its peers.

The country says that it will keep sending shipments of plastic waste to countries that had previously agreed to take it, claiming that countries can reject the arrangement at any time. Environmental advocates told the Guardian that the continuation of the practice shows that the UK isn’t yet serious about curbing its plastic waste.

The UK has the second-highest per capita rate of plastic consumption in the world, but the country has failed to develop sufficient infrastructure for recycling and disposing of all this plastic.

As plastic waste accumulates, particularly the hard-to-recycle kind, the country simply puts it into shipping containers and pays other countries to take it and figure out how to recycle or dispose of it.

In September 2020 alone, the UK sent more than 7,000 metric tons of plastic waste to countries such as Malaysia, Pakistan, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Turkey, according to the nonprofit Last Beach Clean Up. This plastic waste often ends up going to landfills or getting burned in ways that contaminate sources of air, water, and food. In Malaysia, for example, illegal plastic-burning factories have become a menace to communities.

Comportamentos mudam de geração para geração. Atualmente, as inovações tecnológicas têm sua parcela de colaboração nessa mudança ao alterar a forma como as crianças brincam.

Considere o excerto da música Idiots are taking over, da banda de punk rock NOFX.

Idiots Are Taking Over

(NOFX)

It’s not the right time to be sober
Now the idiots have taken over
Spreading like a social cancer, is there an answer?
[…]
Darwin’s rolling over in his coffin
The fittest are surviving much less often
Now everything seems to be reversing, and it’s worsening
Someone flopped a steamer in the gene pool
Now angry mob mentality’s
no longer the exception, it’s the rule
[…]
There’s no point for democracy when ignorance is celebrated
Political scientists
Get the same one vote
as some Arkansas inbred
[…]

Read the text and answer question.

Memories

Maroon 5

Chorus:
Here’s to the ones that we got
Cheers to the wish you were here, but you’re not
‘Cause the drinks bring back all the memories
Of everything we’ve been through
Toast to the ones here today
Toast to the ones that we lost on the way
‘Cause the drinks bring back all the memories
And the memories bring back, memories bring back you
There’s a time that I remember, when I did not know no pain
When I believed in forever, and everything would stay the same
Now my heart feel like December when somebody say your name
‘Cause I can’t reach out to call you, but I know I will one day, yeah
Everybody hurts sometimes
Everybody hurts someday,
But everything gon’ be alright
Go and raise a glass and say,
Chorus
There’s a time that I remember when I never felt so lost
When I felt all of the hatred was too powerful to stop (ooh, yeah)
Now my heart feel like an ember and it’s lighting up the dark
I’ll carry these torches for ya that you know I’ll never drop, yeah
Everybody hurts sometimes
Everybody hurts someday,
But everything gon’ be alright
Go and raise a glass and say,
Chorus

On a summer night in 1969, police raided the Stonewall Inn, a bar in New York City that served as a haven for the city’s gay, lesbian, and transgender community. Back then, homosexual acts were illegal in every state in the USA except Illinois, and bars and restaurants could get shut down for having gay employees or serving gay patrons. Most gay bars in New York at the time (including the Stonewall) were operated by the Mafia, who paid corruptible police officers to look the other way and blackmailed wealthy gay patrons by threatening to “out” them. Police raids on gay bars were common, but on that particular night, members of the city’s LGBTQIA+ community decided to fight back, sparking an uprising that would launch a new era of resistance and revolution. Though the gay rights movement didn’t begin at Stonewall, the uprising did mark a turning point, as earlier “homophile” organizations like the Mattachine Society gave way to more radical groups like the Gay Liberation Front and the Gay Activists Alliance.

Read the text and answer question.

Memories

Maroon 5

Chorus:
Here’s to the ones that we got
Cheers to the wish you were here, but you’re not
‘Cause the drinks bring back all the memories
Of everything we’ve been through
Toast to the ones here today
Toast to the ones that we lost on the way
‘Cause the drinks bring back all the memories
And the memories bring back, memories bring back you
There’s a time that I remember, when I did not know no pain
When I believed in forever, and everything would stay the same
Now my heart feel like December when somebody say your name
‘Cause I can’t reach out to call you, but I know I will one day, yeah
Everybody hurts sometimes
Everybody hurts someday,
But everything gon’ be alright
Go and raise a glass and say,
Chorus
There’s a time that I remember when I never felt so lost
When I felt all of the hatred was too powerful to stop (ooh, yeah)
Now my heart feel like an ember and it’s lighting up the dark
I’ll carry these torches for ya that you know I’ll never drop, yeah
Everybody hurts sometimes
Everybody hurts someday,
But everything gon’ be alright
Go and raise a glass and say,
Chorus

Leia o texto a seguir e responda à questão.

Brazilian Poet Manoel de Barros Dies Aged 97

The author who wrote verses from the “depths of the trifling”, as it features in a poem and one of his books, poet Manoel de Barros died on Thursday morning, November 13th, aged 97, in Campo Grande, in Mato Grosso do Sul state.

He had been in intensive care for over a week after he undergone surgery for bowel obstruction. According to the hospital he died due to multiple organ failure. Manoel de Barros was born in Cuiabá and throughout his life he wrote 18 poetry books, in addition to children's books and autobiographical accounts.

He received several literary prizes, two of which were Jabuti prizes (Tortoise prizes) - one in 1989 for “O Guardador de Águas” and in 2002 for “O Fazedor do Amanhecer”. Barros used to say that “poetry is not supposed to be understood, it is supposed to be incorporated. Understanding it creates a wall. One ought to try to be a tree”. Manoel de Barros was a philosopher who liked to think and rethink the world through poetry. Eucanaã Ferraz has said that Barros was wise and surfaced already as an essential author. Almost half a century went by until his debut in literature: “Poemas Concebidos Sem Pecado” was published in 1937 almost in handmade style, with 21 copies.

The greatest publishing of his works only came in the second half of the 1980s, thanks to the efforts of admirers such as Brazilian writers Millôr Fernanddes and Antonio Houaiss, for whom he was often compared to Saint Francis of Assisi“in his humility before everything”. Even after his tardy success as one of the greatest Brazilian writers of his generation, he stayed true to his origins.

He lived in Corumbá in Mato Grosso do Sul state, with stints in Rio de Janeiro and New York. Since the end of the 1970s, he lived in Campo Grande with his wife, Stella and their daughter, Martha.

TEXT

Immunization

Vaccines are the world's safest method to protect children from life-threatening diseases.

Vaccines are among the greatest advances in global health and development. For over two centuries, vaccines have safely reduced the scourge of diseases like polio, measles and smallpox, helping children grow up healthy and happy. They save more than five lives every minute – preventing up to three million deaths a year, even before the arrival of COVID-19.

Thanks to immunization efforts worldwide, children are able to walk, play, dance and learn. Vaccinated children do better at school, with economic benefits that ripple across their communities. Today, vaccines are estimated to be one of the most cost-effective means of advancing global welfare.

Despite these longstanding benefits, low immunization levels persist. Some 20 million children miss out on life-saving vaccines annually. The most poor and marginalized children – often most in need of vaccines – continue to be the least likely to get them. Many live in countries affected by conflict, in remote areas, or where polio remains endemic.

Low immunization rates also compromise progress in areas of maternal and child health and well-being. In 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared vaccine hesitancy to be one of the top threats to public health. While vaccine hesitancy is as old as vaccination itself, the nature of the challenge continues to shift with the social landscape. Today, vaccine hesitancy and the ‘infodemic’ it fuels are key drivers of under-vaccination across the globe.