Read the text and answer question.

The Greenhouse Effect

[1] A greenhouse is a house made of glass. The sun shines
right through the glass and makes it warm inside the
greenhouse. It is possible to grow flowers and
vegetables inside a greenhouse in the winter. Scientists
[5] have a theory that a lot of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere will act like the glass in a greenhouse. As
the sun shines through the carbon dioxide blanket, the
atmosphere will get hotter and hotter.
Carbon dioxide is produced by combustion, the burning
[10] of fuel. It is being added to the normal atmosphere as
we have more and more cars, more and more houses
and industries. In short, more people produce more
carbon dioxide.
Scientists predict that as a result of more carbon dioxide
[15] in the atmosphere, there will be a global warming, or a
long-term rise in temperatures over the earth.
(Adapted from “Time and Space")

TEXT

The World Health Organization has declared the Zika virus an international public health emergency, prompted by growing concern that it could cause birth defects. As many as four million people could be infected by the end of the year. Officials at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have urged pregnant women against travel to about two dozen countries, mostly in the Caribbean and Latin America, where the outbreak is growing.

The infection appears to be linked to the development of unusually small heads and brain damage in newborns. Some pregnant women who have been to these regions should be tested for the infection, the agency said.

The possibility that the Zika virus causes microcephaly – unusually small heads and often damaged brains – emerged only in October, when doctors in northern Brazil noticed a surge in babies with the condition.

It may be that other factors, such as simultaneous infection with other viruses, are contributing to the rise; investigators may even find that Zika virus is not the main cause, although right now circumstantial evidence suggests that it is.

It is not known how common microcephaly has become in Brazil’s outbreak. About three million babies are born in Brazil each year. Normally, about 150 cases of microcephaly are reported, and Brazil says it is investigating nearly 4,000 cases. Yet reported cases usually increase when people are alerted to a potential health crisis.

Durante os últimos meses, tivemos inúmeras manchetes alertando as pessoas sobre uma nova doença se espalhando nas Américas, com imagens chocantes das supostas vítimas: bebês nascidos com cabeças menores que o comum. Mulheres grávidas foram aconselhadas a não viajarem para os países infectados, e o mundo começou a se assustar com a ameaça de uma epidemia como a dos filmes de ficção.

Consumer data protection and the need for alternative new responses

The Internet and the innovations have given rise to have delivered unprecedented benefits for billions of consumers. Data is the commodity that is powering much of this innovation and the digital economy more widely. Handing over personal data is now as key to facilitating an online transaction as handing over money. While enjoying the benefits, consumers are expressing increasing unease over how personal data is being used.

Today’s smartphone era is characterised by the ease and efficiency with which data can be collected, processed, stored and transmitted; and also by the range of data that is collected including: location, browsing history, contacts and purchases made to name a few. And yet much of the current data protection legislation around the world was framed as response to the era of mainframe computers and early databases. Consumers’ growing sense of powerlessness and loss of control in relation to the collection of our personal data is therefore an understandable response.

Source: Adapted from Consumers International Blog

(http://consumersinternational.blogspot.com.br/2015/08/consumer-data-protection-and-need-for.html)

Top chocolate myths

- Dark chocolate contains fewer calories than milk chocolate Both dark and milk chocolate contain roughly the same amount of calories per 100g, which is about 550kcals. But dark chocolate contains more cocoa, which has health benefits.

- Chocolate gives you acne Some people feel their skin health is more sensitive to chocolate, so they prefer to avoid it, but there is no evidence that the two are linked.

- Chocolate causes migraines Chocolate does contain small amounts of tyramine and phenylethylamine - amino acids from the protein in chocolate - both of which can trigger a migraine. However, there is no evidence to suggest that chocolate alone can cause them.

- Chocolate makes you fat It all depends on how much you eat. Eating a large chocolate bar every day on top of your usual daily intake could lead to some weight gain. However, as part of a healthy and balanced diet including 30 minutes of exercise five times a week, chocolate as a treat will not make you fat.

Match the columns accordingly. The words are underlined.

I. trigger

II. healthy

III. intake

IV. calories

V. daily

( ) countable noun

( ) adverb

( ) adjective

( ) verb

( ) noun

Unsinkable Ship

Naval architects never claim that a ship is unsinkable, but the sinking of the passenger and car ferry Estonia in the Baltic surely should have never happened. It was well designed and carefully maintained. It carried the proper number of lifeboats. It had been thoroughly inspected the day of its fatal voyage. Yet hours later, the Estonia rolled over and sank in a cold, stormy night. It went down so quickly that most of those on board, caught in their dark, flooding cabins, had no chance to save themselves: Of those that managed to scramble overboard, only 139 survived. The rest died of hypothermia before the rescuers could pluck them from the cold sea. The final death toll amounted to 912 souls. However, there were an unpleasant number of questions about why the Estonia sank and why so many survivors were men in the prime of life, while most of the dead were women, children and the elderly.

Read the text below and answer question.

A Region’s Soccer Strongmen are facing a hard fall
[1] After rising as a governor under Brazil’s military
dictatorship, José Maria Marin became such a towering
figure in the world of Brazilian sports that the
headquarters of the nation’s soccer federation was
[5] recently named in his honor.
Now, the United States Justice Department’s charging
Mr. Marin, 83, and 13 other senior sports officials and
executives across the Americas with taking part in a
sweeping bribery and kickback scheme within FIFA, the
[10] governing body of global soccer.
Of the 14 men named as defendants in the indictment,
all but two of them are citizens of Latin American and
Caribbean nations, a reflection of the investigation’s
focus on corruption in the hemisphere.
(Fonte: www.nytimes.com)

GLOSSARY
but: exceto
bribery: suborno
headquarters: sede

Unsinkable Ship

Naval architects never claim that a ship is unsinkable, but the sinking of the passenger and car ferry Estonia in the Baltic surely should have never happened. It was well designed and carefully maintained. It carried the proper number of lifeboats. It had been thoroughly inspected the day of its fatal voyage. Yet hours later, the Estonia rolled over and sank in a cold, stormy night. It went down so quickly that most of those on board, caught in their dark, flooding cabins, had no chance to save themselves: Of those that managed to scramble overboard, only 139 survived. The rest died of hypothermia before the rescuers could pluck them from the cold sea. The final death toll amounted to 912 souls. However, there were an unpleasant number of questions about why the Estonia sank and why so many survivors were men in the prime of life, while most of the dead were women, children and the elderly.