Read the following text to answer question.

An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a test used for measuring and recording brain waves. Special sensors called electrodes are attached to your head. They're hooked by wires to a computer. The computer records your brain's electrical activity on the screen. Or it may record the activity on paper as wavy lines. Changes from the normal pattern of electrical activity can show certain conditions, such as seizures.

Four major brain waves exist: alpha has a frequency that ranges from 8 to 14 cycles per second (cps) and is found in the occipital part of the brain. Beta covers 14 to 30 cps. Delta wave includes frequencies that are below 5 cps. Theta wave covers the range between 5 and 8 cps. Alpha waves are more active during relaxation and light sleep. Nonetheless, their function is altered by deep mental activities. Beta waves, on the other hand, appear during mental concentrating periods.

Why It Is Done

An EEG may be done to:

· Check for epilepsy and see what type of seizures are occurring. EEG is the most useful and important test for checking if someone has epilepsy.

· Check for problems with loss of consciousness ordementia

· Help find out a person's chance of getting better after a change in consciousness.

· Find out if a person who is in a coma is brain-dead.

· Study sleep disorders, such as narcolepsy.

· Watch brain activity while a person is getting general anesthesia for brain surgery

· Help find out if a person has a physical problem or a mental health problem. Physical problems include problems in the brain, spinal cord, or nervous system.

TEXTO

Brazil has declared an end to its public health emergency over the Zika virus, 18 months after a surge in cases drew headlines around the world. The mosquito-borne virus was not considered a major health threat until the 2015 outbreak revealed that Zika can lead to severe birth defects. One of those defects, microcephaly, causes babies to be born with skulls much smaller than expected.
Photos of babies with the defect spread panic around the globe as the virus was reported in dozens of countries. Many would-be travellers cancelled their trips to Zika-infected places. The concern spread even more widely when health officials said it could also be transmitted through sexual contact with an infected person.
The health scare came just as Brazil, the epicentre of the outbreak, was preparing to host the 2016Olympics, fuelling concerns the Games could help spread the virus. One athlete, a Spanish wind surfer, said she got Zika while training in Brazil ahead of the Games.
In response to the outbreak, Brazil launched a mosquito-eradication campaign. The health ministry said those efforts have helped to dramatically reduce cases of Zika. Between January and mid-April, 95% fewer cases were recorded than during the same period last year. The incidence of microcephaly has fallen as well.
The World Health Organization (WHO) lifted its own international emergency in November, even while saying the virus remained a threat.
“The end of the emergency doesn’t mean the end of surveillance or assistance” to affected families, said Adeilson Cavalcante, the secretary for health surveillance at Brazil’s health ministry. “The health ministry and other organisations involved in this area will maintain a policy of fighting Zika, dengue and chikungunya.”
All three diseases are carried by the Aedes aegypti mosquito.
But the WHO has warned that Zika is “here to stay,” even when cases of it fall off, and that fighting the disease will be an ongoing battle.
(Fonte: Associated Press, Friday 12 May 2017 10.18 BST. Last modified on Friday 12 May 2017 22.00 BST)

Read the text.

DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME MAKES PEOPLE CLUMSY, LAZY AND SICK

Studies show that Daylight Saving Time — which starts at 2 a.m. Sunday — disrupts your circadian rhythm, the biological clock that’s synchronized with the rising and setting of the sun and regulates bodily processes such as sleep, metabolism and hormonal secretions.

“The circadian clock is our 24-hour rhythm that exists in our whole body,” says Dr. Michael Halassa, an assistant professor of neuroscience at New York University. “If you travel to Europe and spend a couple weeks there, then your circadian clock is going to reset, that ultimately is linked to the regulation of sleep.”

When we are sleep deprived, the connectivity between neural circuits is impaired. Sleep resets the weight of these neural circuits. Like a computer microprocessor, these circuits in the brain must be tuned well for us to make decisions. Otherwise you have cognitive inflexibility. “To be flexible you have to be able to process a lot of info,” Halassa says. “People default to a lower processing capacity when they can’t process a lot of information.” Judges who hand out tougher sentences on Monday morning may not be mean; they may just be suffering from cognitive inflexibility caused by sleep deprivation.

Which alternative contains the following sentence in passive voice correctly?

Answer the questions based on the text below.

The Brazilian government has ratified its participation in the Paris agreement on climate change, a significant step by Latin America’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases that could spur other countries to follow suit.

With a landmass larger than the continental US, Brazil emits about 2.5% of the world’s carbon dioxide and other polluting gases, according to United Nations data.

“Our government is concerned about the future,” said President Michel Temer during a signing ceremony in Brasilia. “Everything we do today is not aimed at tomorrow, but rather at a future that preserves the living conditions of Brazilians.”

Temer said Brazil’s ratification would be presented formally to the UN later this month.

The Paris agreement will enter into force once 55 countries representing at least 55% of global emissions have formally joined it. Climate experts say that could happen later this year.

Countries set their own targets for reducing emissions. The targets are not legally binding, but nations must update them every five years. Using 2005 levels as the baseline, Brazil committed to cutting emissions 37% by 2025 and an “intended reduction” of 43% by 2030.

In the last decade, Brazil has achieved significant emissions cuts thanks to efforts to reduce deforestation in the Amazon and increase in the use of energy from hydropower and other renewable sources including wind, solar and biomass.

The Paris accord got a boost earlier this month when the US president, Barack Obama, and China’s President, Xi Jinping, sealed their nations’ participation.

“Brazil is now the next major country to move forward. It will add even greater momentum,” said David Waskow, director of the International Climate Initiative at the Washington, DC-based think tank the World Resources Institute.

O texto a seguir é referência para aquestão.

Madina, Russia, 2013

“These strange, feral children are often a source of shame and secrecy within a family or community”, writes MaryAnn Ochota on her website. “These aren’t Jungle Book stories, they’re often harrowing cases of neglect and abuse. And it’s all too likely because of a tragic combination of addiction, domestic violence and poverty. These are kids who fell through the cracks, who were forgotten, or ignored, or hidden”. According to Fullerton-Batten, “Madina lived with dogs from birth until she was three years old, sharing their food, playing with them, and sleeping with them when it was cold in winter. When social workers found her in 2013, she was naked, walking on all fours and growling like a dog. Madina’s father had left soon after her birth. Her mother, 23 years old, took to alcohol. She was frequently too drunk to look after for her child and… would sit at the table to eat while her daughter gnawed bones on the floor with the dogs”. Madina was taken into care and doctors found her to be mentally and physically healthy despite what she had been through.

TEXTO:

Like many a diet before it, the Paleo diet relies on a
set of rules claiming to be based on science. People
swear by it and in theory it makes sense, but is it actually
practical?
[5] Paleo harkens back to the days of a different time;
the caveman era. The diet lays out an eating plan that
mimics the way our ancestors ate hundreds of years
ago. The idea is that modern day diseases like obesity,
diabetes, and heart disease are all the result of
[10] processed foods. Things like grains, dairy, legumes, salt,
and sugar which have entered our diets thanks to the
agrarian revolution are all eliminated from the diet. What’s
left? Meat, fish, and veggies. Think of it as retro dieting.
This all sounds sensical and smart, but it also
[15] throws out foods that do have real nutritional value.
Calcium, vitamin D, magnesium, and phosphorous in
dairy, and fiber, antioxidants, and B vitamins in grains. In
addition, legumes are a fantastic source of protein and
fiber that also happens to be low fat. The nutrients in
[20] these forbidden foods can lower cholesterol and blood
pressure as well as reduce risk of heart disease and
osteoporosis.
If you have weight problems to begin with and you’re
used to eating lots of processed fatty food, any diet is
[25] likely to help you lose weight Paleo included. Which is a
good thing since obesity is becoming a major epidemic.
The problem with Paleo is that it eliminates things
that are healthy like low fat yogurt, for example. It also
neglects to address portion control, a key element in
[30] losing weight. There’s also no mention of saturated fat
which is a major artery clogger. It would be easy to cut
out grains and just fill up on meats with no concern for
your heart.
Last but not least, the diet forgets one major thing;
[35] we’re human! In the Paleo diet, there’s no room for
cupcakes or fettuccine Alfredo or peanut butter and jelly?
Enjoying delicious food and savoring it is one of life’s
pleasures. In fact, its one of your senses. Sure one may
need to lose weight, but it’s also important to maintain

[40] balance. So go ahead and cut out unhealthy foods. Just

don’t forget to eat that cookie every once in a while.

The Four Oxen and the Lion

A Lion used to prowl about a field in which Four Oxen used to live. Many a time he tried to attack them; but whenever he came near, they turned their tails to one another, so that whichever way he approached them he was met by the horns of one of them. At last, however, they quarreled among themselves, and each went off to pasture alone in a separate comer of the field. Then the Lion attacked them one by one and soon made an end of all four.

A fábula The Four Oxen and the Lion ilustra um preceito moral, como se espera em textos desse gênero.

TEXTO

[...]. Por que foi esmorecendo aquele estado de boa convivência e carinho que me deixava tão feliz? A quem deveria ser debitado o desencontro que foi se instalando na nossa relação de mãe e filha até findar naquele estouro horrível por causa da minha recusa a ser avó profissional aqui no Sul? Ou tudo já tinha passado?, um pesadelo e só

Hoje me parece incrível que eu não tenha respondido às palavras duras da minha filha, que tenha conseguido me manter calada como um peixe até que chegou o fim das férias de Norinha e ela se foi, praticamente batendo a porta, e eu tratando de me convencer de que, quem sabe?, aquilo tudo tinha sido apenas uma ideia que lhe passou pela cabeça de repente, aquele desabafo acusatório todo contra mim, fruto de algum mal-estar, ou a tal da TPM?, e um bocado de fantasia sobre sua infância e adolescência. Já tinha passado, não era a sério, tocar a vida pra frente.

Disse a mim mesma que era só questão de amainar o meu coração e procurar se não havia mesmo um problema comigo. Talvez tudo se resumisse no resultado de todas as minhas frustradas tentativas de fazer outras coisas que gostaria, tendo sempre de ceder a vez pras prioridades dos outros, da minha filha mais que todos. Norinha teria intuído alguma amargura escondida em mim e interpretado confusamente, à maneira dela, agora extravasava daquele jeito. Cheguei a pensar que era a mim que se devia debitar... ninguém me obrigou a ceder... eu devia ter feito tudo ou pelo menos muito do que desejava nesta vida [...] ... Quem sabe ainda é tempo de resgatar alguns desejos por cumprir? Vamos lá, amanhã será um novo dia. Vou começar a tricotar a minha nova felicidade, eu me dizia, e é bem provável que eu recupere a boa vontade pra com Norinha e enxergue nos atos e nas palavras dela mais cortesia e amor, as únicas coisas indispensáveis pra viver.

The sentences below describes the way the daughter treats the mother. Read all the sentences:

1. The daughter treats her mother very badly.

2. The daughter is harsh and unfeeling.

3. The daughter is totally generous and treats her mother as she should.

4. The daughter speaks softly to her mother because she is worried about her family.