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The Economist explains

Michel Temer’s plans for Brazil

May 12th 2016, 23:53 BY J.P.

ON MAY 12th Michel Temer became the third Brazilian vice-president in 30 years to be thrust into the top job, after the Senate voted to commence the impeachment trial of the president, Dilma Rousseff. As she steps aside for up to 180 days while senators consider her fate, she leaves behind a mess. The country's economy may shrivel by 7.5% in 2015-16. Inflation and unemployment hover around 10%; so, as a proportion of GDP, does the budget deficit. The political system is a shambles, with Congress home to an unwieldy 25 political parties. What can—and should—Mr Temer do about it all? (…)

If his proposed cabinet is anything to go by, Mr Temer plans to replace Ms Rousseff’s confidence-stifling interventionism with market-friendlier policies. He appears commendably keen to chip away at Brazil’s bloated state. He has named a respected former Central Bank governor, Henrique Meirelles, as his finance minister and created a new super-ministry whose task is to spur private investment in Brazil’s shoddy infrastructure. The number of ministries is to be slashed from 32 to something like 23, to show that the government, not just citizens, can make sacrifices. In principle, all this is welcome. In practice, Mr Temer may face an uphill struggle. To begin mending the economy, Mr Meirelles needs most urgently to tackle the vast budget deficit. Congressmen, never exactly keen on spending cuts and tax rises, may resist the necessary belt-tightening, especially in the run-up to October’s important local elections. And Mr Temer’s caretaker administration—which supporters of Ms Rousseff’s left-wing Workers’ Party regard as coupmongering usurpers—lacks the voter legitimacy for more radical structural reforms, such as to Brazil’s overgenerous public pensions, rigid labour laws, byzantine taxes or graft-prone electoral system. That will still be the case if and when he is handed the keys to the Alvorada.

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New crab species honors Harry Potter

A recently discovered crab species has been somewhat tenuously named in honor of characters from the magical world of Harry Potter.

The crab’s official name is Harryplax severus, with the genus Harryplax named after the crab’s collector, the late researcher and former marine Harry Conley, who died from a gunshot in 2002, as well as the protagonist in J. K. Rowling’s novels. Conley dug up many specimens in Guam’s coral reef rubble almost 20 years ago.

The latter species part of its name is inspired by the character Severus Snape, who “despite being a central character in the series, keeps his background and agenda mysterious until the very end,” the statement announcing the naming said. The authors note this is “just like the present new species, which has eluded discovery until now, nearly 20 years after it was first collected”.

Even though Conley found the specimen long ago, its status as a new species and genus was only realized recently by Dr Peter Ng and Dr Jose Cristopher E. Mendoza from the National University of Singapore.

The crab is tiny, measuring just 7.9 by 5.6 millimeters (0.3 by 0.2 inches), and known only to herald from the island of Guam. It’s found deep in coral rubble or under subtidal rocks, and survives at dark depths with reduced eyes, ones that are not used extensively. Instead, it has antennae to probe the depths, and gets around on long thin legs.

In the statement, Dr Mendoza was said to be a self-confessed “Potterhead”, hence the somewhat unusual moniker. But it’s not the first time Potter has inspired the naming of a new species – The magazine Popular Science notes that a dinosaur species was named after Hogwarts in 2006 (Dracorex hogwartsia), a wasp in Thailand was named Ampulex dementor in 2014, and a spider was named Eriovixia gryffindori last year.

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A resurgence of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon

The Brazilian Amazon is the size of Western Europe, and in the 41 years I have lived in the region and worked on problems of deforestation, an area larger than France has been cleared. Over the decades, I have watched as economic cycles, swings in commodity prices, and land speculation have led to peaks and valleys in the clearing of the Amazon, with 1995 setting a record for destruction: 11,200 square miles — an area the size of Belgium — fell to loggers, cattle ranchers, and farmers.

When the annual deforestation rate in Brazil’s Amazon plunged from nearly 11,000 square miles in 2004 to 1,700 square miles in 2012 — an 84 percent decline — I was of course relieved. But I had witnessed too much destruction in the Amazon to celebrate. Unfortunately, these widely publicized declines led not only to the impression among the international conservation community that Amazon deforestation was finally ebbing. It also led to a dangerous illusion taking hold in the capital of Brasília — the belief that deforestation was thoroughly under control, and thus the government could build roads, dams, and other infrastructure at will in Amazonia, without consequences for the world’s largest rain forest.

Clearly, that turned out not to be the case. Deforestation has trended upwards since 2012, with a sharp 29 percent increase in the rate of clearing in 2016.

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Swedish journalist faces trial for helping a Syrian boy enter Sweden

A Swedish TV journalist is to face trial for people smuggling after helping a Syrian boy migrate from Greece to Sweden, an offence punishable by imprisonment.

In the spring of 2014, Fredrik Önnevall was filming a documentary about European nationalist parties’ response to the migration crisis when he met 15-year-old Abed in Greece. Along with two colleagues, Önnevall helped the boy enter Sweden. […]

Önnevall has asserted that he did not act as a smuggler because neither he nor his colleagues accepted any money.