Natural tooth repair method, using Alzheimer's
drug, could revolutionise dental treatments

A new method of stimulating the renewal of living stem cells in tooth pulp using an Alzheimer’s drug has been discovered by a team of researchers at King’s College London.
Following trauma or an infection, the inner, soft pulp of a tooth can become exposed and infected. In order to protect the tooth from infection, a thin band of dentine is naturally produced and this seals the tooth pulp, but it is insufficient to effectively repair large cavities. Currently dentists use manmade cements or fillings, such as calcium and silicon-based products, to treat these larger cavities and fill holes in teeth. This cement remains in the tooth and fails to disintegrate, meaning that the normal mineral level of the tooth is never completely restored.
However, in a paper published today in Scientific Reports, scientists from the Dental Institute at King’s College London have proven a way to stimulate the stem cells contained inthe pulp of the tooth and generate new dentine in large cavities, potentially reducing the need for fillings or cements.
The novel biological approach could see teeth use their natural ability to repair large cavities rather than using cements or fillings.
Significantly, one of the small molecules used by the team to stimulate the renewal of the stem cells included Tideglusib, which has previously been used in clinical trials to treat neurological disorders including Alzheimer’s disease.
Using biodegradable collagen sponges to deliver the treatment, the team applied low doses of small molecule glycogen synthase kinase (GSK-3) inhibitors to the tooth. They found that the sponge degraded over time and that new dentine replaced it, leading to complete, natural repair. Collagen sponges are commercially-available and clinicallyapproved, again adding to the potential of the treatment’s swift pick-up and use in dental clinics.
Disponível em<http://www.kcl.ac.uk/newsevents/news/newsrecords/2017/01January/Naturaltooth-repair-method-usingAlzheimer'sdrugcouldrevolutionisedentaltreatments.aspx> Acessado em 13 de abril de 2017.

O texto a seguir é referência para aquestão.

Madina, Russia, 2013

“These strange, feral children are often a source of shame and secrecy within a family or community”, writes MaryAnn Ochota on her website. “These aren’t Jungle Book stories, they’re often harrowing cases of neglect and abuse. And it’s all too likely because of a tragic combination of addiction, domestic violence and poverty. These are kids who fell through the cracks, who were forgotten, or ignored, or hidden”. According to Fullerton-Batten, “Madina lived with dogs from birth until she was three years old, sharing their food, playing with them, and sleeping with them when it was cold in winter. When social workers found her in 2013, she was naked, walking on all fours and growling like a dog. Madina’s father had left soon after her birth. Her mother, 23 years old, took to alcohol. She was frequently too drunk to look after for her child and… would sit at the table to eat while her daughter gnawed bones on the floor with the dogs”. Madina was taken into care and doctors found her to be mentally and physically healthy despite what she had been through.

O texto a seguir é referência para aquestão.

Madina, Russia, 2013

“These strange, feral children are often a source of shame and secrecy within a family or community”, writes MaryAnn Ochota on her website. “These aren’t Jungle Book stories, they’re often harrowing cases of neglect and abuse. And it’s all too likely because of a tragic combination of addiction, domestic violence and poverty. These are kids who fell through the cracks, who were forgotten, or ignored, or hidden”. According to Fullerton-Batten, “Madina lived with dogs from birth until she was three years old, sharing their food, playing with them, and sleeping with them when it was cold in winter. When social workers found her in 2013, she was naked, walking on all fours and growling like a dog. Madina’s father had left soon after her birth. Her mother, 23 years old, took to alcohol. She was frequently too drunk to look after for her child and… would sit at the table to eat while her daughter gnawed bones on the floor with the dogs”. Madina was taken into care and doctors found her to be mentally and physically healthy despite what she had been through.

O texto a seguir é referência para aquestão.

Madina, Russia, 2013

“These strange, feral children are often a source of shame and secrecy within a family or community”, writes MaryAnn Ochota on her website. “These aren’t Jungle Book stories, they’re often harrowing cases of neglect and abuse. And it’s all too likely because of a tragic combination of addiction, domestic violence and poverty. These are kids who fell through the cracks, who were forgotten, or ignored, or hidden”. According to Fullerton-Batten, “Madina lived with dogs from birth until she was three years old, sharing their food, playing with them, and sleeping with them when it was cold in winter. When social workers found her in 2013, she was naked, walking on all fours and growling like a dog. Madina’s father had left soon after her birth. Her mother, 23 years old, took to alcohol. She was frequently too drunk to look after for her child and… would sit at the table to eat while her daughter gnawed bones on the floor with the dogs”. Madina was taken into care and doctors found her to be mentally and physically healthy despite what she had been through.

TEXTO

A enxada

[...]

Na Forquilha, recebeu Supriano um pedaço de mato derrubado, queimado e limpo. Era do velho Terto, que não pôde tocar por ter morrido de sezão. Como o delegado houvesse aprevenido o novo dono de que Piano era muito velhaco, ao entregar a terra Elpídio ponderou muito braboso:

— Quero ver que inzona você vai inventar para não plantar a roça... Olha lá que não sou quitanda! Supriano não tinha inzona nenhuma.

Perguntou, porque foi só isso que veio à mente do coitado:

— E a enxada, adonde que ela está, nhô? Elpídio quase que engasga com o guspe de tanta jeriza:

— Nego à toa, não vale a dívida e ainda está querendo que te dê enxada! Hum, tem muita graça! Piano era trabalhador e honesto. Devia ao delegado porque ninguém era homem de acertar contas com esse excomungado. Pior que Capitão Benedito em três dobros. Se, porém, lhe pagassem o trabalho, capaz de aprumar. Não tinha muita saúde, por via do papo, mas era bom de serviço. Assim, diante da zoada do patrão, foi pelando-se de medo que o camarada arriscou um pedido:

— Me perdoa a confiança, meu patrão, mas mecê fia a enxada da gente e na safra, Deus ajudando, a gente paga com juro...

— Ocê que paga, seu berdamerda! — E Seu Elpídio ficou mais irado ainda. — Te dou enxada e ocê fica devendo a conta do delegado e a enxada pro riba. Não senhor. Vá plantar meu arroz já, já.

— Meu patrãozinho, mas plantar sem... — Elpídio o atalhou: — Vai-se embora, nego. E se fugir te boto soldado no seu rasto.

The Text mentions the word “enxada” which is used for removing weeds or plants you do not want.

Examine a tira para responder à questão.

Synopsis

Filmed over nearly three years, WASTE LAND follows renowned artist Vik Muniz as he journeys from his home base in Brooklyn to his native Brazil and the world’s largest garbage dump, Jardim Gramacho, located on the outskirts of Rio de Janeiro. There he photographs an eclectic band of “catadores” — self-designated pickers of recyclable materials. Muniz’s initial objective was to “paint” the catadores with garbage. However, his collaboration with these inspiring characters as they recreate photographic images of themselves out of garbage reveals both the dignity and despair of the catadores as they begin to re-imagine their lives. Director Lucy Walker (DEVIL’S PLAYGROUND, BLINDSIGHT and COUNTDOWN TO ZERO) and co-directors João Jardim and Karen Harley have great access to the entire process and, in the end, offer stirring evidence of the transformative power of art and the alchemy of the human spirit.

One of the things that made an incredible impression on me in the fil'm was Frida's comfort in and celebration of her own unique beauty. She didn't try to fit into conventional ideas or images about womanhood or what makes someone or something beautiful. lnstead, she fully inhabited her own unique gifts, not particularly caring what other people thought. She was magnetic and beautiful in her own right. She painted for years, not to be a commercial success or to be discovered, but to express her own inner pain, joy, family, lave and culture. She absolutely and resolutely was who she was. The trueness of her own unique vision and her ability to stand firmly in her own truth was what made her successful in the end.

TEXTO II

You mean I don’t have to show up? The promise of telemedicine

“Aside from whatever a visit to the doctor costs you in money, it also costs you in time. A lot of it!

End to end, the travel and waiting time for a doctor’s appointment can take several hours — often disrupting work or school. Only 17 percent of it — 20 minutes, on average — is spent actually seeing the doctor, according to a study by the University of Pittsburgh, physician Kristin Ray and colleagues at the Harvard Medical School and the RAND Corporation.

In a year, Americans spend 2.4 billion hours making doctor visits. Valued at average wage rates, that’s worth more than $52 billion — equivalent to the total working time and income of 1.2 million people. On average, we pay $32 when visiting a doctor. But separately, the value of our time adds up to more, $43, according to Dr. Ray’s study.

For certain kinds of health care, there is a better way. Long after electronic communication and technology have revolutionized other services (like preparing taxes, booking travel and banking), emails, phone calls, video chats and other telemedicine applications are gradually supplementing or replacing some types of office visits.

Telemedicine holds the promise of giving some of our time back. And it may have other advantages. Care delivered in this way requires no travel, and if one waits at all it’s at home or work, not at a doctor’s office. In an era of FaceTime and Skype, patients are starting to expect more convenient access to doctors. The vast majority of patients report that they want to be able to communicate with their doctors by email. Perhaps for this reason, the market for telemedicine is growing rapidly.

In a passionate commentary on the establishment’s hesitancy to embrace telemedicine, David Asch, a University of Pennsylvania physician, pointed out that the inconvenience of face-to-face care limits its use, but arbitrarily and invisibly. The costs of waiting and travel time and those borne by rural populations with poor access to in-person care don’t appear on the books. “The innovation that telemedicine promises is not just doing the same thing remotely,” Dr. Asch wrote, “but awakening us to the many things that we thought required face-to-face contact but actually do not. ”

(Adapted from: http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/17/upshot/you-mean-i-dont-have-to-show-up-the-promise-of-telemedicine.html?ref=policy)