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Algorithms are everywhere. They play the stockmarket, decide whether you can have a mortgage and may one day drive your car for you. They search the internet when commanded, stick carefully chosen advertisements into the sites you visit and decide what prices to show you in online shops. (…) But what exactly are algorithms, and what makes them so powerful?

An algorithm is, essentially, a brainless way of doing clever things. It is a set of precise steps that need no great mental effort to follow but which, if obeyed exactly and mechanically, will lead to some desirable outcome. Long division and column addition are examples that everyone is familiar with — if you follow the procedure, you are guaranteed to get the right answer. So is the strategy, rediscovered thousands of times every year by schoolchildren bored with learning mathematical algorithms, for playing a perfect game of noughts and crosses. The brainlessness is key: each step should be as simple and as free from ambiguity as possible. Cooking recipes and driving directions are algorithms of a sort. But instructions like “stew the meat until tender” or “it’s a few miles down the road” are too vague to follow without at least some interpretation

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Memória coletiva

Em 1925, quando a era das comunicações começava a se acelerar, o filósofo francês Maurice Halbwachs aventou a ideia de uma “memória coletiva”: o conjunto de lembranças que um grupo de pessoas compartilha sobre um evento marcante e que, somado a fatos e imagens de domínio público, forma um tecido muito mais extenso e bem tramado do que a simples soma das recordações individuais. Esse tecido é tão forte, aliás, que pode ser compartilhado até mesmo por gerações que não assistiram aos acontecimentos. É um fenômeno presente na maneira como os judeus lembram o Holocausto ou os americanos revivem a Guerra do Vietnã. Na vida brasileira, o ano de 1970 é um desses polarizadores da memória coletiva: o ano em que o país reuniu a mais brilhante escalação da história do futebol, em que esse time derrotou de maneira quase heroica cada um dos seus adversários [...], em que a população experimentou, na Copa do Mundo, seu primeiro grande evento de mídia – e também um ano em que a ditadura militar arrancava as pessoas de suas casas e sumia com elas, em que tudo era dito aos sussurros e em que essa euforia de uma torcida nacional foi usada como cortina de fumaça para o desgoverno e se misturou a ele. [...] E está aí, em boa medida, a beleza de O Ano em que Meus Pais Saíram de Férias (Brasil, 2006) [...]: na maneira como ele ao mesmo tempo separa e une esses dois fios da memória.

No começo de 1970, Mauro (Michel Joelsas), de 12 anos, é tirado às pressas de sua casa em Belo Horizonte e levado para o apartamento do avô, no bairro paulistano do Bom Retiro. Os pais, aflitos, dizem que estão saindo de férias e, quando puderem, voltarão para buscá-lo, de preferência a tempo de assistirem juntos à Copa. Vão-se embora sem conferir se o avô recebeu o menino em segurança. Mas ele não está em casa, nem vai voltar. Mauro vira então atribuição da vizinhança. Mora meio na casa vazia do avô, meio no apartamento ao lado, do velho Shlomo (Germano Haiut), zelador da sinagoga local – o Bom Retiro reunia então uma forte comunidade judaica, a que Mauro nem sabia pertencer. Janta com uma pessoa, almoça com outra, brinca com as crianças do bairro e, o tempo todo, mantém um olho grudado no futebol e o outro no telefone, à espera de uma ligação dos pais que não chega nunca. [...]

The Best Fifa Women’s Player

Marta

There are not many superlatives left to describe the magnificent talents of Marta. The Brazilian legend is quite simply one of the greatest players to have graced the game and that stance atop football’s podium has been strengthened after being named The Best FIFA Women’s Player 2018.

This year’s nomination to be the top women’s player on the planet was – incredibly – the 14th time that she has been labelled among the elite and 2018 represented the 12th time that she had been named in the top three. This year’s crowning as The Best is the sixth time she has been elected the world’s top women’s player.

But her coronation is not simply for her longevity, it is for her outstanding achievements during 2017/18, where she captained Brazil to the Copa america title and helped her club side Orlando Pride to a long run in arguably the most challenging women’s league in world football: the USA’s National Women’s Soccer League. Still going strong at 32, there is no doubt that Marta can be among the elite for many more years to come.

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Weight-related deaths can affect non-obese too

You don’t have to be diagnosed as obese to be at risk of dying from illnesses related to excess weight, a global study suggests. Of the 4 million deaths attributed to being overweight in 2015, nearly 40% were not considered clinically obese. The study, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, said the findings highlighted “a growing and disturbing global public health crisis.”

“People who shrug off weight gain do so at their own risk – risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer and other life- -threatening conditions,” said Dr Christopher Murray, author of the study and director of the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington. “Those half- -serious New Year’s resolutions to lose weight should become year-round commitments to lose weight and prevent future weight gain.”

The study, which looked at 195 countries and territories over a period of 35 years, from 1980 to 2015, has revealed that 30% of the world’s population – 2.2 billion children and adults – are affected by excess weight.

Obesity has been increasing around the globe since 1980, doubling in more than 70 countries. The United States has the highest level of obesity among adults and children, at nearly 13% of the population. Egypt topped the list for adult obesity, at about 35%.

The report also found that the rate of obesity is increasing faster among children than adults. “The problem is not simply a function of income or wealth,” cites the report. “Increased availability, accessibility and affordability of energy-dense foods, along with intense marketing could explain weight gain in different populations.”

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Read the text and answer question.

I am from New Zealand, which is ________ country that is in ________ Pacific Ocean. Wellington is ________ name of ________ capital of my country.

No Brasil, entre os produtos orgânicos mais comercializados estão o tomate, o morango e o café.

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Air Travel
[1] Air travel has changed the way we see the world, making
our planet feel that much smaller. Depending on departure
and arrival destinations, you can go ________ coast ________ coast
in mere hours or travel across seas in less than 10 hours.
[5] Complaints aside, flying is the quickest, safest, and most
convenient way to travel.
The U.S. Department of Transportation Bureau of
Transportation Statistics reported a total of 812, 914, 960
passengers on domestic, international, or combined flights in
[10] 2012. This was also the safest year on record, with the
aviation industry boasting a record low accident rate,
according to the International Air Transport Administration.
Adapted from:http://weather.com/travel