Leia o texto para responder a questão.

Loneliness can be deadly for elders

The circle shrinks. As the years pass, older people attend too many funerals. Friendships that sustained them for decades lapse when companions and confidants retire or move away or grow ill.

The way we prioritize friendships may evolve. Laura Carstensen, a Stanford University psychologist, developed an influential theory called “socioemotional selectivity”: As people sense their remaining time growing brief, they shed superficial relationships to concentrate on those they find most meaningful.

“They invest more in their remaining connections,” said Gary Kennedy, director of geriatric psychiatry at Montefiore Medical Center. “They optimize friendships, rather than try to maximize them.”

A tide of recent research underscores the importance of such bonds. Social isolation and loneliness can take a serious toll on elders, psychologically and physically. They also suffer higher mortality rates and increased risk of depression, cognitive decline and illnesses like coronary artery disease.

Researchers at the University of California, San Francisco, followed 1,600 participants (average age: 71) and found that those who reported loneliness were more likely to develop difficulties with activities of daily living. Even when the study controlled for socioeconomic status and health, the lonely had higher mortality: Nearly 23 percent died within six years, compared with 14 percent of those who weren’t lonely.

With strong evidence that friendship does, indeed, help save lives and promote health, social workers and researchers wish we could pay more attention to its central role. Activity directors, senior center staff members and family caregivers: Are there better ways to help elders stay in touch with the friends they care about, or meet new ones? We’re all willing to drive relatives to doctors’ appointments; driving them to spend time with friends may matter as much.

TEXTO

Vagabundo

Eat, drink, and love; what can the rest avail us?

Byron — Don Juan

Eu durmo e vivo no sol como um cigano,
Fumando meu cigarro vaporoso;
Nas noites de verão namoro estrelas;
Sou pobre, sou mendigo e sou ditoso!

Ando roto, sem bolsos nem dinheiro;
Mas tenho na viola uma riqueza:
Canto à lua de noite serenatas,
E quem vive de amor não tem pobreza.

Não invejo ninguém, nem ouço a raiva
Nas cavernas do peito, sufocante,
Quando à noite na treva em mim se entornam
Os reflexos do baile fascinante.

Namoro e sou feliz nos meus amores;
Sou garboso e rapaz... Uma criada
Abrasada de amor por um soneto
Já um beijo me deu subindo a escada...

Oito dias lá vão que ando cismado
Na donzela que ali defronte mora.
Ela ao ver-me sorri tão docemente!
Desconfio que a moça me namora!...

Tenho por meu palácio as longas ruas;
Passeio a gosto e durmo sem temores;
Quando bebo, sou rei como um poeta,
E o vinho faz sonhar com os amores.

O degrau das igrejas é meu trono,
Minha pátria é o vento que respiro,
Minha mãe é a lua macilenta,
E a preguiça a mulher por quem suspiro.

Escrevo na parede as minhas rimas,
De painéis a carvão adorno a rua;
Como as aves do céu e as flores puras
Abro meu peito ao sol e durmo à lua.

Sinto-me um coração de lazzaroni;
Sou filho do calor, odeio o frio,
Não creio no diabo nem nos santos...
Rezo a Nossa Senhora e sou vadio!

Ora, se por aí alguma bela
Bem doirada e amante da preguiça
Quiser a nívea mão unir à minha
Há de achar-me na Sé, domingo, à Missa.

In the quotation “Eat, drink, and love; what can the rest avail us?” by Byron — Don Juan (Text), the three first verbs are in the imperative (eat, drink, love). This verbal tense is used to tell or ask somebody what to do, to offer, to give advice or instructions and to express wishes for people’s comfort.

Complete o texto sobre a estudante de enfermagem, usando as preposições corretas.

Rossitza Bontcheva is nineteen years old. She's studying ___________¹ a diploma ___________² nursing ________________³ Vazov Nursing College. She has exams next month, so 4 the moment she is studying hard. She wants to be a nurse ________________⁵ she likes working with people and she is interested ________________⁶ science ________________⁷ she doesn't like doing paper work.

She'd like to be a pediatric nurse ___________⁸ she really enjoys working ___________⁹ children. She's worked ___________¹⁰a children's ward ___________¹¹ three months as a work placement. One day, she hopes to work ___________¹² India, which she saw on TV.

Leia o texto para responder às questão.

One of the main points of the advancement of science is being guided by the human curiosity, uncompromised with concrete results and free from any kind of tutelage or guidance. Scientific production driven simply by this curiosity has been able to open new frontiers of knowledge, to make us wiser and, in the long run, to generate value and more quality of life for human beings.

By its methods and instruments, science allows us to analyze the world around us and see beyond what the eyes can see. The scientific and technological enterprise of the human being throughout its history is, undoubtedly, the main responsible for everything that humanity had just built up. His achievements are present since the domain of fire to the immense potential derived from modern science of information, passing by the animals’ domestication, the rise of modern agriculture and industry and, of course, by the spectacular improvement in the quality of life of all humanity in the last century.

In addition to human curiosity, another very important way of scientific advancement is the solution of problems that afflict humanity. Living longer and healthier, working less and having more available time for leisure, reducing the distances that separate us from other human beings - whether through more communication channels or better means of transport - are some of the challenges and human aspirations to which, for centuries, the science and technology have contributed.

A person born in the late 18^th Century, he/she would most likely die before reaching the age of 40. Someone born today in a developed country is expected to live more than 80 years and, although inequality is high, even in the poorest countries anywhere in sub-Saharan Africa, life expectancy today is more than 50 years. Science and technology are the key factors in explaining the reduction in mortality from various diseases, such as infectious diseases, for example, and the consequent increase in human longevity.

Considere a frase: “One of the main points of the advancement of science is being guided by the human curiosity“.

O texto de Percival de Lima Souto refere-se aos festivais da canção e das “músicas de protesto”.

TEXTO:

Dim light — or alternatively, staring into the
multicolored tube at close range — can undoubtedly
make your eyes work so hard they hurt. But there is no
evidence that these practices cause long-term damage.
[5] The TV myth may have started in the 1960s, and at
that time, it may have been true. Some early color TV
sets emitted high amounts of radiation that could have
caused eye damage, but this problem has long been
remedied, and today’s TV and computer monitors are
[10] relatively safe.
Of course, a lot of TV watching can cause eye
strain and fatigue, particularly for those sitting very close
and/or watching from odd angles. But there is an easy
cure for eye strain and fatigue: turning off the TV and
[15] getting some rest. With a good night’s sleep, tired eyes
should quickly return to normal.
If you or your child tend to sit so close to the
computer or TV that it hurts the eyes, it may be a good
idea to get checked for nearsightedness. However,
[20] sitting too close does not create a need for glasses
even if getting glasses can remedy the habit.

Eye strain and fatigue are caused by ___________

WHY OUR ANCESTORS DRILLED HOLES IN EACH OTHER’S SKULLS

Thousands of years ago, people were performing a form of surgery called ‘trepanation’ that involves boring holes through a person’s skull. Anthropological accounts of 20th-Century trepanations in Africa and Polynesia suggest that, in these cases at least, trepanation was performed to treat pain – for instance, the pain caused by skull trauma or neurological disease. Trepanation may also have had a similar purpose in prehistory. Many trepanned skulls show signs of cranial injuries or neurological diseases.

Existe evidência de que a trepanação acontecia há mais de 7 mil anos e era praticada em diversos lugares, como Grécia Antiga, América do Norte e do Sul, África, Polinésia e Leste da Ásia.

Use the comic strip bellow to answer question:

FoxTrot