Migration flows in Latin America and the Caribbean

UNICEF Situation Report - September 2018

In the past two years, there has been an increase of Venezuelan citizens entering Brazil through the Roraima State border. According to Brazilian authorities’ estimations as of April 2018, the migration stock of Venezuelans in Brazil is of approximately 50,000 people most of them in Pacaraima and Boa Vista (Roraima state). Around 12 per cent are living in official shelters, while the majority are living either in private accommodations, spontaneous shelters or on the streets. The migratory influx is on the rise, putting extra pressure on the already overwhelmed basic services and limited capacity of local institutions. According to the Federal Police, up to 800 Venezuelan migrants may be crossing the border each day. Results from the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) exercise conducted by IOM, indicate that nearly 50 per cent of respondents are expecting to stay in Brazil. Since February 2018, a voluntary relocation programme, known as the ‘interiorization plan’, was launched by the Brazilian Government offering migrants living in shelters the opportunity to move to other states. The programme includes transportation to other regions, housing and support for integration in host communities and labour market. At least 65 per cent of DTM’s interviewees were interested in participating in the interiorization process, particularly to Amazonas and São Paulo states.

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Text 2a. Second Language Learning

One of the principles of all learning is that we make sense of new information and ideas by relating them to our previous knowledge. There are two main kinds of previous language knowledge which second language learners can use in order to make sense of the new language they encounter: the first is their knowledge of their mother tongue and the second is the knowledge they already possess about the second language itself.

LITTLEWOOD, W. Second Language Learning. In DAVIES, A. e ELDER, C. The Handbook of Applied Linguistics, pp.504/5, Blackwell Publishing, 2010.

Text 2b. National Curriculum Parameters

Every text is organized within a specific genre according to its communicative purposes, as part of the conditions of discourse production, which generate social uses that determine any and every text. Genres are, therefore, historically determined, and constitute relatively stable forms of utterances available in a culture. (National Curriculum Parameters, Brasil, 1988, p.21) (adaptado)

Answer the two questions below considering also texts "Second Language Learning" and "National Curriculum Parameters", above.

When approaching foreign language texts 2a and 2b, the learner will most frequently use his/her previous knowledge of the mother tongue to account for any difficulties, which may include dealing with genres.

TEXTO

Understanding Anxiety Disorder

Many of us worry from time to time. We fret over finances, feel anxious about job interviews, or get nervous about social gatherings. These feelings can be normal or even helpful. They may give us a boost of energy or help us focus. But for people with anxiety disorders, they can be overwhelming.

Anxiety disorders affect nearly 1 in 5 American adults each year. People with these disorders have feelings of fear and uncertainty that interfere with everyday activities and last for 6 months or more. Anxiety disorders can also raise your risk for other medical problems such as heart disease, diabetes, substance abuse, and depression.

The good news is that most anxiety disorders get better with therapy. The course of treatment depends on the type of anxiety disorder. Medications, psychotherapy (“talk therapy”), or a combination of both can usually relieve troubling symptoms.

“Anxiety disorders are one of the most treatable mental health problems we see,” says Dr. Daniel Pine, an NIH neuroscientist and psychiatrist. “Still, for reasons we don’t fully understand, most people who have these problems don’t get the treatments that could really help them.”

One of the most common types of anxiety disorder is social anxiety disorder, or social phobia. It affects both women and men equally—a total of about 15 million U.S. adults. Without treatment, social phobia can last for years or even a lifetime. People with social phobia may worry for days or weeks before a social event. They’re often embarrassed, selfconscious, and afraid of being judged. They find it hard to talk to others. They may blush, sweat, tremble, or feel sick to their stomach when around other people.

Wich alternative contains the correct verb tense?

Os professores João e Antônia receberam ajuda financeira para levarem três alunos de cada um deles a um encontro científico. Na relação de possíveis integrantes desse grupo, foram selecionados, dos alunos do professor João, quatro homens e três mulheres e, dos alunos da professora Antônia, três homens e quatro mulheres.

Read the text and answer question.

The Last Dalai Lama?

[1] On a wet Sunday in June at the Glastonbury Festival,
more than 100,000 people spontaneously burst into a
rendition of ‘‘Happy Birthday.’’ Onstage, Tenzin Gyatso, the
14th Dalai Lama, blew out the solitary candle on a large
[5] birthday cake while clasping the hand of Patti Smith, who
stood beside him. The world’s most famous monk then poked
a thick finger at Smith’s silvery mane. ‘‘Musicians,’’ he said,
‘‘white hair.’’ But ‘‘the voice and physical action,’’ he added
in his booming baritone, ‘‘forceful.’’ As Smith giggled, he
[10] went on: ‘‘So, that gives me encouragement. Myself, now 80
years old, but I should be like you — more active!’’
Taken from www.nytimes.com. Acessed on 14/12/15.

TEXTO:

Salads and fries

To deal with widespread criticism (and the
possibility of legal judgments) that their food is
making people obese, fast-food chains are testing
new health-conscious products in America. This fall
[5] McDonald’s, which has already introduced fruit packs
and salads in many of its international branches, is
testing a new adult version of its Happy Meal. The Go
Active meal includes salad, bottled water, a nutrition
booklet and a clip-on pedometer to encourage walking.
[10] Trying to be more extreme, Burger King last month
showed for the first time a line of Light Combo Meals

that come with a grilled chicken baguette, salad and
bottled water. The new food options are helpful, but
some salads, like McDonald’s Crispy Chicken Bacon
[15] Ranch Salad, can contain more fat than a Quarter
Pounder Hamburger. So, before you get in line, go
online to check calorie counts. Fast food doesn’t have
to mean fat food anymore.

Yury Azhichakov set out early by bike for Senogda Bay, his favorite beach, on the northwestern shore of Lake Baikal in Siberia. The world’s oldest, deepest and most voluminous lake, Baikal holds 20 percent of the planet’s unfrozen freshwater. It is often described as the world’s cleanest lake.

As Mr. Azhichakov discovered, that is no longer the case. Senogda’s once pristine sands were buried under thick mats of reeking greenish-black goo.

“This stuff stretched far into the distance, for several kilometers,” said Mr. Azhichakov, 61, a retired ecological engineer. “The beach was in terrible condition.”

The muck, scientists have discovered, follows mass algal blooms at dozens of sites around Lake Baikal’s 1,240-mile perimeter. Confined to shallow water and shores near towns and villages, the problem seems to stem from an influx of untreated sewage – the result of inadequate wastewater treatment.

Algal blooms threaten iconic freshwater bodies around the world, including the Great Lakes, Lake Geneva, and Lake Biwa in Japan. But Lake Baikal is especially precious: a World Heritage site home to more than 3,700 species, more than half found nowhere else.

“People are dumping sewage, waste and rubbish around the lake, creating pretty appalling conditions in some places,” said Anson MacKay, an environmental scientist at University College London.

Read the text to answer the question.

Across the Atlantic!

________ Monday May 24, 1976, two Concorde jets crossed the Atlantic ocean ________ three hours and fifty minutes. The planes took off and landed ________ the same time.

Source Bonner, Margaret – Grammar Express - Longman