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TEXTO

Social Media Use in 2018

(By Aaron Smith and Monica Anderson)

A majority of Americans use Facebook and YouTube, but young adults are especially heavy users of Snapchat and
Instagram.

Facebook and YouTube dominate this landscape, as notable majorities of U.S. adults use each of these sites.
At the same time, younger Americans (especially those ages 18 to 24) stand out for embracing a variety of platforms
[5] and using them frequently. Some 78% of 18- to 24-year-olds use Snapchat, and a sizeable majority of hese users
(71%) visit the platform multiple times per day. Similarly, 71% of Americans in this age group now use Instagram and
close to half (45%) are Twitter users.
As has been the case since the Center began surveying about the use of different social media in 2012,
Facebook remains the primary platform for most Americans. Roughly two-thirds of U.S. adults (68%) now report that
[10] they are Facebook users, and roughly three-quarters of those users access Facebook on a daily basis. With the

exception of those 65 and older, a majority of Americans across a wide range of demographic groups now use
Facebook. But the social media story extends well beyond Facebook.
The video-sharing site YouTube – which contains many social elements, even if it is not a traditional social
media platform – is now used by nearly three-quarters of U.S. adults and 94% of 18- to 24-year-olds.
[15] The Center has asked about the use of five of these platforms (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn and
Pinterest) in several previous surveys of technology use. And for the most part, the share of Americans who use
each of these services is similar to what the Center found in its previous survey of social media use conducted in
April 2016. The most notable exception is Instagram: 35% of U.S. adults now say they use this platform, an increase
of seven percentage points from the 28% who said they did in 2016.
[20] These findings also highlight the public‘s sometimes conflicting attitudes toward social media. For example, the
share of social media users who say these platforms would be hard to give up has increased by 12 percentage points
compared with a survey conducted in early 2014. But by the same token, a majority of users (59%) say it
would not be hard to stop using these sites, including 29% who say it would not be hard at all to give up social
media.

TEXTO:

Salads and fries

To deal with widespread criticism (and the
possibility of legal judgments) that their food is
making people obese, fast-food chains are testing
new health-conscious products in America. This fall
[5] McDonald’s, which has already introduced fruit packs
and salads in many of its international branches, is
testing a new adult version of its Happy Meal. The Go
Active meal includes salad, bottled water, a nutrition
booklet and a clip-on pedometer to encourage walking.
[10] Trying to be more extreme, Burger King last month
showed for the first time a line of Light Combo Meals

that come with a grilled chicken baguette, salad and
bottled water. The new food options are helpful, but
some salads, like McDonald’s Crispy Chicken Bacon
[15] Ranch Salad, can contain more fat than a Quarter
Pounder Hamburger. So, before you get in line, go
online to check calorie counts. Fast food doesn’t have
to mean fat food anymore.

Rather than a stable set of features, physical beauty is an ever-morphing construct. But female beauty ideals tend nevertheless to have outlines. These have been most visible throughout history in the pictures drawn by those self-elected gods we call artists. History provides us a record, and from it one basic truth stands out: the ideals women are asked to embody, regardless of culture or continent, have been hammered out almost exclusively by men.

Consider, for instance, the ways that figure shaping has altered over the centuries. Some 150 years ago, women in Europe began wearing bustles beneath their dresses that greatly enlarged the profile of their buttocks. More recently, the notion of sculpting has been applied directly to the body. In the 1960s, it took the form of dieting, which produced the sort of extremely skinny figure we associate with such models as Twiggy. Her thinness connoted vitality, an escape from the matronhood idealized by earlier generations, as well as an innocent, insouciant sexuality that was not dissimilar to a Roman-era depiction of the Three Graces.

Consumerism, of which diet fads are certainly a part, has significantly expanded the range of off-the-shelf options for bodily enhancement. In the 1980s and ’90s, women frequently turned to surgery – breast or buttocks augmentation, nose jobs – and other non-surgical interventions such as Botox and tanning.

It’s worth noting that if art holds a mirror up to culture, it has with rare exception failed to reflect a manifestation of female beauty of the last decade: the high-performance, muscled athlete. Popular magazines like ESPN The Magazine’s “Body Issue” have made gestures in this direction, by putting women like Serena Williams on the cover. But, in large part, art seems not to have taken account of the fact that the athlete has become a figure of everyday life, not just a pro.

According to the text, fill in the blanks with T (True) or F (False).

It’s stated in the text

( ) Standards of feminine physical beauty have changed markedly over time.
( ) Just one type of female beauty has remained unchanged at all times and places.
( ) Some feminine physical features have been praised as universally appealing in all cultures.
( ) In general, images of women have historically followed a pattern set down by men.

Tech users have long questioned whether mobile devices and smart speakers eavesdrop on their private conversations. Apple answered that question Tuesday with a resounding no.

In a letter to federal lawmakers, the tech giant insisted that iPhones do not listen to what users are saying and said third-party app developers don't have access to audio data.

"iPhone doesn't listen to consumers except to recognize the clear, unambiguous audio trigger 'Hey Siri,'" Timothy Powderly, Apple's director of Federal Government Affairs, wrote in the letter, which was obtained by CNN.

"The customer is not our product, and our business model does not depend on collecting vast amounts of personally identifiable information to enrich targeted profiles marketed to advertisers," he added.

Read textto do item.

TEXT

Robotic Cars

The year is 2020, and it's 7;45 on a rainy Monday morning, and you are in your car on your way to work. You turn right, and you turn left. A few minutes later, you stop at a traffic light. When the light turns green and there are no other cars in the intersection, you continue on your way. Ten minutes later you get to work and stop reading the morning paper. Then, you get out of your car and you say, “Thank you!”, Your car replies, “You're welcome!”. This possible future may sound unreal, but in fact many car companies are already testing robotic cars, or driverless cars, on the roads today, although the cars don't speak very much yet.

In the 1980s, Germany and the United States tested the first driverless cars, and by 2020 companies such as Volvo, GM, Nissan and BMW plan to sell driverless cars. Driverless cars are not really 'driverless' - the drivers are computers that use radar, computer maps and other modem technology. They offer many advantages. Perhaps the most important of these is fewer deaths caused by road accidents. For example, in 1968 more than 53.000 people lost their lives in car accidents in the USA. This number has fallen to less than 33.000 but it's still à high number. In addition, people will spend less time stuck in traffic jams and there will be no need for people to have a driving license. One of the major disadvantages of this new technology, however, is the cost. It's not free. U$5.000 to U$10.000 is added to the price of the new car. Nevertheless, at some time in your life, you will probably be sitting in a robotic, .driverless car on your way to work or school. The future is almost here. Are you ready for it?

Read the extract from the text.

'They offer many advantages.'

TEXTO

‘PENSAMENTO CRÍTICO NÃO É COPIAR CRÍTICAS DOS OUTROS’: ESPECIALISTAS DEBATEM MEIOS DE COMBATE ÀS ‘FAKE NEWS’

Para um grupo de cinco jornalistas, pesquisadores e influenciadores digitais reunidos pela BBC News Brasil no seminário “Beyond Fake News – Em Busca de Soluções”, a resposta passa por educar melhor os leitores, de um lado, e tornar conteúdo da imprensa mais atraente, mantendo a credibilidade. Segundo Cláudia Costin, um dos objetivos por detrás da produção dos boatos é incitar ódio; motivar a guerra e atingir objetivos políticos seriam outros.

Ultimamente o debate e a divulgação desenfreada de “fake news” está levando muita gente a pensar antes de compartilhar uma notícia. No entanto, esse ainda parece ser um assunto complicado, nem todos possuem discernimento sobre o que fazer.

Choose the correct verb tense to the sentence below.

TEXT

Eat: A Diet to Ward Off Breast Cancer

Eating substantial amounts of fruits and vegetables may lower the risk for breast cancer, a new study has found, and some kinds may be more effective than others.

Researchers used well-validated nutrition questionnaires to examine the association of dietwith the risk of invasive breast cancer in 182,145 women. They followed them with periodic examinations for an average of 24 years, during which there were 10,911 cases of invasive breast cancer. The study is in the International Journal of Cancer.

After controlling for many health, diet and behavioral variables, the scientists found that compared with having less than two and a half servings (about one cup) of fruits and vegetables a day, having five and a half servings or more was associated with an 11 percent lower breast cancer risk. The effect was especially significant with the most aggressive types of breast cancer.

''There are few potentially modifiable risk factors for breast cancer,'' said the lead author, Maryam S. Farvid, a research scientist at Harvard, ''and eating more fruits and vegetables would be a simple way to help lower the risk.''

The researchers found that cruciferous vegetables like cauliflower, brussels sprouts and kale were especially strongly associated with reduced risk, as were yellow or orange vegetables including carrots, winter squash, yams and sweet potatoes.

Read the text below and choose the correct answer.

Being an international couple, one from England and the other from Brazil, makes Mike and Simone's relationship very interesting. Talking about her experience in a foreign country, she says:

“There are some cultural differences that we had to learn day after day. We still have a lot more to find out, and I consider it to enrich both of us. I have to admit that I used to “compare” our differences and it could cause arguments sometimes, so I realised we should try to ‘understand´ the differences instead. Now the differences are something that we see as a normal thing, they just don’t bother us anymore. The main ‘problem’ in our relationship is definitely the language. Portuguese isn’t a popular language and it means our communication is in English. But my English isn’t that good and I still have a lot to learn... so sometimes we can’t understand or misunderstand each other. It’s hard when I try to explain something and just can’t talk in my language. But I do hope one day I will understand all the slang he says and everything else.”