Read the text.

World Cup 2018: France complete two-year road to redemption with final win over Croatia France's victory over Croatia in the World Cup final - and the manner in which this superb climax unfolded at

the atmospheric Luzhniki Stadium - provided a fitting finish to a thrilling tournament.

This last month in Russia has witnessed a showpiece underpinned by superb organization. It has also, more significantly, provided a feast of football laced with elements of surprise that made it arguably the most exciting World Cup of the modern era.

Read the infographic carefully.

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Read the text below and choose the correct option.

Buy a beach cruiser and help save sea turtles on Kiawah

Every spring, fierce female sea turtles-mostly loggerheads-make their way from the ocean to Kiawah Island during nesting season.

From May through October, Kiawah's beaches are home to 400 nests and thousands of baby loggerheads. But many of these endangered hatchlings would not survive without the island's hands-on nest protection program. Specifícally, the Kiawah Island Turtle Patrol efforts that help 75% of hatchlings make it from their nests to the ocean. Without these efforts: less than 10% have a chance.

Sea turtles are an endangered species and the loggerhead turtle has been on the threatened list since 1978. Over the years, the Kiawah Island Turtle Patrol has become one of the largest volunteer turtle efforts in the United States. From relocating nests to helping hatchlings find the sea, volunteering is open to island residents and guests, and the program relies on the community to help raise awareness about the importance of nesting season.

This May, you'll see a custom fleet of beach cruisers with an original turtle print designed by Peter Millar at the new Timbers Kiawah Ocean Club and Residences.

“We approached Peter Millar, a favorite on Kiawah, to design a turtle-pattemed bike as a fun way to raise our owners' awareness about the turtles and show our commitment to protecting the wildlife on Kiawah”, says Chris Burden, managing director for Timbers Kiawah.

You don't have to be a Timbers' owner to help: the limited-edition beach cruisers are for sale to the public and 100% of the proceeds go to the turtle patrol. “Kiawah Island is one of the country's most vital nesting areas for loggerhead sea turtles and the turtle patrol is responsible for nesting patrols and monitoring efforts up and down the beach. The contributions will be used to fund their initiatives in whatever way they see fit”, Burden says. Anyone can volunteer in the nesting and hatching programs by contacting Kiawah Island Turtle Patrol.

Land of changes

The southeastern region is changing more rapidly than any other part of the United States - not because the land is new, but because the area´s old, exhausted land is being given new life. The problems of the southeast are best illustrated by a story that goes back a decade before the turn of the century. The tale describes the funeral of a poor man. “They cut through solid marble to make his grave and yet the little marble tombstone they put above him was from Vermont. They buried him in the heart of a pine tree forest, and yet his pine coffin came form Ohio. They buried him beside an iron mine, and yet his nails in his coffin and the iron in the shovel came from Pittsburgh. They buried him in a coat form New York and shoes from Chicago and a shirt from Cincinnati. The South didn’t supply anything for that funeral except the body and the hole in the ground.”

Based on the text, one can say that

I. the story shows the south had added too many skills to its raw materials.
II. geography has been kind to the Southeastern resources of the United States.
III. the South needs to change more rapidly than other parts of the U.S.
IV. the story told reflects the present southerner socio-economic context.
V. the South did not supply anything to the funeral described in this text.

Leia o texto para responder às questão.

We too often think we are better at something than we are

Are you familiar with the Dunning Kruger effect? It holds that the more incompetent people are, the less they are aware of their incompetence. The effect is named after David Dunning of the University of Michigan and Justin Kruger of New York University.

Dunning and Kruger gave their test subjects a series of cognitive tasks and asked them to estimate how well they did. At best, 25 percent of the participants viewed their performance more or less realistically; only some people underestimated themselves. The quarter of subjects who scored worst on the tests really missed the mark, wildly exaggerating their cognitive abilities. Is it possible that boasting and failing are two sides of the same coin? As the researchers emphasize, their work highlights a general feature of self-perception: each of us tends to overlook our cognitive deficiencies.

So why is the chasm between would-be and actual performance so gaping? Don’t we all have an interest in assessing ourselves realistically? It surely would spare us a great deal of wasted effort and perhaps a few embarrassments. The answer, it seems, is that a moderate inflation of self-esteem has certain benefits. According to a review by psychologists Shelley Taylor and Jonathon Brown, rose-colored glasses1 tend to increase our sense of well-being and our performance. On the other hand, people afflicted by depression are inclined to be brutally realistic in their selfassessments. An embellished self-image seems to help us weather the ups and downs of daily life.

POR QUE TEMOS PESADELOS?

Você já acordou assustado, com o coração quase saindo pela boca? Se você já ficou em pânico por causa de um pesadelo, você não é o único. Na verdade, os pesadelos podem até ser bons para nós, dizem alguns psicólogos. Uma teoria é de que eles ajudam o nosso cérebro a processar experiências intensas. Especialistas dizem que os pesadelos também nos ajudam a lidar com situações ruins.

Cerca de 90% de nós temos pesadelo em algum momento de nossas vidas. Quando nos sentimos sobrecarregados, nosso cérebro inventa cenários que coincidem com essa sensação.

The youngest of Uchendu’s five sons, Amikwu, was marrying a new wife. The brideprice had been paid and all but the last ceremony had been performed. Amikwu and his people had taken palm-wine to the bride’s kinsmen about two moons before Okonkwo’s arrival in Mbanta. And so it was time for the final ceremony of confession.

The daughters of the family were all there, some of them having come a long way from their homes in distant villages. Uchendu’s eldest daughter had come from Obodo, nearly half a day’s journey away. There were twenty-two of them.

They sat in a big circle on the ground and the young bride in the centre with a hen in her right hand. Uchendu before her, holding the ancestral staff of the family. The men stood outside the circle, watching. Their wives also. It was evening and the sun was setting. Uchendu’s eldest daughter, Njide, asked her, “Remember that if you do not answer truthfully you will suffer or even die at childbirth”.

O trecho do romance Things fall apart apresentado anteriormente revela uma peculiaridade cultural referente à realização da cerimônia de casamento na comunidade apresentada.

THE FAROE ISLAND’S 500-YEAR-OLD FIGHT TO SAVE ITS LANGUAGE

Situated between Iceland and Scotland, the isolated Faroe Islands are in a unique position. For years, their remoteness kept locals out of reach of their Danish rulers. With greater links to the outside world in the late 1800s, people began to assert the integrity of their own tongue, and oral Faroese became a school subject in 1912, followed by the written language in 1920. After the establishment of Home Rule in 1948, Faroese was recognized as the official language of government.

Manter uma língua viva é sempre difícil depois que uma população é colonizada por outra. Os faroeses tentam manter sua língua viva desde que foram colonizados pelos dinamarqueses em 1380. Atualmente, o dinamarquês ainda é ensinado como língua obrigatória nos colégios.

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Why Study Philosophy? What is Philosophy, and Why Should I Study It?

“Philosophy” comes from Greek words meaning “love of wisdom.” Philosophy uses the tools of logic and reason to analyze the ways in which humans experience the world. It teaches critical thinking, close reading, clear writing, and logical analysis; it uses these to understand the language we use to describe the world, and our place within it. Different areas of philosophy are distinguished by the questions they ask. Do our senses accurately describe reality? What makes wrong actions wrong? How should we live? These are philosophical questions, and philosophy teaches the ways in which we might begin to answer them.

Students who learn philosophy get a great many benefits from doing so. The tools taught by philosophy are of great use in further education, and in employment. Despite the seemingly abstract nature of the questions philosophers ask, the tools philosophy teaches tend to be highly sought-after by employers. Philosophy students learn how to write clearly, and to read closely, with a critical eye; they are taught to spot bad reasoning, and how to avoid it in their writing and in their work. It is therefore not surprising that philosophy students have historically scored more highly on tests like the LSAT and GRE, on average, than almost any other discipline. Many of our students combine studying philosophy with studying other disciplines.

The most important reason to study philosophy is that it is of enormous and enduring interest. All of us have to answer, for ourselves, the questions asked by philosophers. In this department, students can learn how to ask the questions well, and how we might begin to develop responses. Philosophy is important, but it is also enormously enjoyable, and our faculty contains many award-winning teachers who make the process of learning about philosophy fun. Our faculty are committed to a participatory style of teaching, in which students are provided with the tools and the opportunity to develop and express their own philosophical views.