O sítio Academic Proofreading Services, que oferece serviços de revisão textual, publicou dez dicas para melhorar a escrita acadêmica de seus leitores. Leia essas dicas para responder à questão

10 WAYS TO IMPROVE YOUR ACADEMIC WRITING

1- Write to the level of the intended audience.
2- Build on the past.
3- Get to the point.
4- Take a stand.
5- Provide supporting evidence.
6- Inform the audience.
7- Avoid literary clichés.
8- Show a little style.
9- Edit, edit, edit.
10- Proofreading leads to perfect papers.

Utilize o texto a seguir para responder a questão.

NO DIFFERENCE

Small as a peanut,
Big as a giant,
We’re all the same size
When we turn off the light.

Rich as a sultan,
Poor as a mite,
We’re all worth the same
When we turn off the light.

Red, black or orange,
Yellow or white,
We all look the same
When we turn off the light

So maybe the way
To make everything right
Is for God just reach out
And turn off the light!

Adolescents: health risks and solutions

Around 1.2 billion people, or 1 in 6 of the world‘s population, are adolescents aged 10 to 19. Most are healthy, but there is still substantial premature death, illness, and injury among adolescents. Illnesses can hinder their ability to grow and develop to their full potential. Alcohol or tobacco use, lack of physical activity, unprotected sex and/or exposure to violence can jeopardize not onlytheir current health, but also their health as adults, and even the health of their future children.

Promoting healthy behaviors during adolescence, and taking steps to better protect young people from health risks are critical for the prevention of health problems in adulthood, and for countries‘ future health and ability to develop and thrive.

Key facts

- Estimated 1.2 million adolescents died in 2015, over 3000 every day, mostly from preventable or treatable causes.
- Road traffic injuries were the leading cause of death in 2015. Other major causes of adolescent deaths include lower

TEXTO:

Fitness trackers are popular accessories for
people who want to follow their steps and sleep,
but so far research suggests that they are not
especially good at helping people lose weight. In
[5] a 2016 study, researchers followed 470 people
who were trying to lose weight for two years.
People were split into groups and asked to either
follow a low-calorie diet, increase their physical
activity and attend group counseling, or to follow
[10] the same regimen but add wearable technology
six months in.
People using wearables lost 7.7 pounds on
average, but the people who weren’t using them
lost an average of 13 pounds. As wearables
15 continue to advance, they may become more
useful for weight loss, but if you’re on the fence
about buying one, you can probably save your
money

INSTRUÇÃO: Leia o texto que segue para responder à questão proposta.

THE STORY OF ELLIS ISLAND
Mass migrations have marked the history of the human race ever since people began to dream of a better life

Migration is in the news these days, as Donald Trump tries to set up new physical and administrative barriers
against people wanting to enter the USA – mostly from Central America, Asia and Africa. But a century ago, the USA
welcomed immigrants, most of them people from Europe who were migrating in mass, looking for a better life in the
USA. Ellis Island, the small island in New York Harbor was, for millions of would-be immigrants, their first experience
[5] of the promised land.
The year is 1906, the date November 16th. Franz and Ulrike Schumacher and their three children have just
disembarked from the Hamburg-Amerika line steamship that has carried them across the stormy North Atlantic
Ocean from Germany.
Like the thousands of other people milling around them, they are totally bewildered, caught up in a mixture of
[10] hope and apprehension, as they crowd into a vast waiting room. The room sounds like the Tower of Babel, for few of
those in it speak a word of English. They speak German, Polish, Dutch, Hungarian, or Russian maybe, yet they have
come, seeking a new life in a new world; and now they are on American soil for the first time. This is America!
America! Or at least it is Ellis Island.
After interminable hours of waiting, the Schumacher family are finally called to a desk; immigration officials
[15] study their papers, and ask them where they intend to go. They don't ask how long they're planning to stay, however,
since they know the answer already. All those who pass through Ellis Island – and that could mean over 11,000
people per day – are would-be immigrants. They are looking to start a new life in a new world.
For many, passing through Ellis Island was not so much a matter of stepping into a new world, it was stepping
into a new life, a new character. And so it was that the man who finally led his family through the door and onto the
[20] ferry packed with a jostling crowd of new Americans was not Franz Schumacher any more, but Frank Shoemaker,
even if he still didn't understand more than a couple of words of English.

TEXTO:

Research shows there can be a link to impaired
vision and poor school performance. Correcting poor
vision with properly prescribed glasses results in a
greater impact on academic performance than any other
[5] health intervention. This has long-reaching implications
in student success as the risk of failing one grade level
is 3 times greater for school children who have a visual
acuity below 20/20 versus children with good visual
acuity. To put it in context, students in China who wore
[10] glasses for one year earned higher test scores
equivalent to six months of additional schooling, with
historically under-performing students benefiting the
most from vision correction.

But vision isn’t the only health issue affecting
[15] student achievement. Fitness plays a vital role in the
success of students in the classroom that lasts long
after they graduate. Studies have shown that improving
physical fitness levels leads to improved academic
success. In a study of students in Mississippi, those
[20] who were in the healthy fitness zone were two-four times
more likely to have high achievement in a number of
areas, most notably in language arts and math.

What we see from all of this is a clear indication
that it is vitally important to improve both vision and
[25] fitness if we want our students to succeed. Vision
screenings and fitness measurements are a good start,
but to really be effective we must also provide the
solutions — easier access to eye examinations and
corrective eyewear as well as improved physical
[30] education programming and more time for physical
activity. It’s not just for grades. Healthy, successful
students mean a healthy, successful workforce later
on and that’s good for all of us.

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Research and advances in medicine:
Curious minds work to solve problems

Medical science has made remarkable strides over roughly the past 75 years, beating back many once life-threatening illnesses and helping to extend the life expectancy of a child born in 2016 to nearly 79 years. By all measures, the pace of change appears to be accelerating.

Dr. Lynell Klassen, a researcher and professor of internal medicine at the University of Nebraska Medical Center, tells students they’ve got a lot ahead of them. “This is really an exciting time to be in medicine. All of the possibilities, the potential for understanding and altering our life functionality is greater than it’s ever been in the past,” he said.

- A look at the past

In the 1930s and 1940s, hospitals were full of young people sick and dying of routine infections, from tuberculosis to appendicitis. The group of antimicrobials, which includes antibiotics such as penicillin, changed that – literally overnight. Vaccines ended epidemics of childhood killers such as polio, diphtheria and pertussis, and provided protection against those such as measles and mumps.

Imaging technologies of increasing power and precision – X-rays, CT, MRI, PET scans, portable ultrasound, 3-D mammography, endoscopies with pill-sized devices, have given us the ability to peer into the body, in some instances to the cellular level.

- A peek into the future

The Human Genome Project gave us the blueprints; the next step involves putting that knowledge to use in medicine. The first gene therapy for an inherited disease, a form of blindness, has recently been approved. In the computing realm, scientists are envisioning the future use of artificial intelligence in medicine, as well as technologies such as augmented reality and virtual reality.

READ THE FOLLOWING TEXT AND CHOOSE THE OPTION WHICH BEST COMPLETES EACH QUESTION ACCORDING TO THE TEXT:

What selfies really tell us about ourselves

Psychologists, technologists and behavioral economists differ in their interpretations of the selfie and the risks people are prepared to take socially and physically to snap them. But there is general agreement that selfies are a form of expression that may reveal more than the taker intended, no matter how flattering the filter used.

“We are so bombarded by media telling us how we should look and how we should be,” stated Jacquelyn Morie, a researcher at the University of Southern California. “With selfies you have this authority and autonomy that you don’t have in other parts of your life.” She said selfies are essentially avatars and foresees a day when they will be constructed even more to our liking. As we conduct moreof our life online she suspects they will become more how we see ourselves than our real selves. Of course, selfies can also create a historical record of our life, if maybe a little better than reality. They show the world what you are doing and who you are with and how incredibly fun it all is. You often hear the refrain, “Selfies or you don’t exist,” which may explain some people’s compulsion to document their actions even if doing so diminishes their experience and engagement in the real world.

The need to be recognised, or even adored, is perhaps why so many have become their own Hollywood directors, attaching cameras to sticks and sometimes drones to improve the production value of their lives. Recent selfie-stick bans have been interpreted by some who study the selfie phenomenon as more a cultural movement in favour of authenticity than the elimination of a possible safety threat. There’s also the argument that rather than conferring power, selfies transfer control to viewers because in the end they are the ones who decide whether to post an encouraging or insulting comment, press “like” or ignore your existence all together.

Moreover, as facial recognition software continues to improve, frequent selfie takers may also be giving away their very identity. The more you post pictures of yourself online, the better companies, government agencies and criminals can identify you, not only online but sitting in a restaurant or walking down the street.