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HEALTH

PEOPLE WITH A SENSE OF PURPOSE LIVE LONGER,

STUDY SUGGESTS

BYKASHMIRA GANDER ON 5/24/19 AT 11:10 AM EDT

People who have a sense of purpose in life appear to live longer, according to the latest research linking this outlook to a person’s quality of life and to better physical and mental health.

The authors of the study published in the journal JAMA Network Open looked at data collected from 6,985 adults who were signed up to the Health and Retirement Study on people ages 50 and above in the US. The team looked at a group who completed a questionnaire in 2006 about their purpose in life, and used it to come up with a score. On average, the participants were 68.6 years old. Next, the scientists looked at causes of death in the group between 2006 and 2010. Variables included their demographic, marital status, race and education level. Lifestyle choices like smoking and drinking were also noted. Purpose was defined by the authors as a selforganizing life aim that stimulates goals, promotes healthy behaviors and gives meaning to life.

The data revealed that the stronger the participants felt they had a purpose in life, the lower their risk of dying. This result remained even when the scientists adjusted their calculations for factors that could affect their score, such as a participants’ sociodemographic status and their health.

But scientists don’t know why there seems to be a link between purposefulness and the length of life. One explanation is that the attitude and overall wellbeing could prevent genes linked with inflammation from being expressed in the body. Meanwhile, lacking a purpose could dampen a person’s motivation to be healthy and active, the authors suggested.

Andrew Oswald, a professor of economics and behavioral science at the University of Warwick, in the U.K., who studies human happiness, told Newsweek: “It is as though the mind and body can draw on a pool of immune responses, and a healthy mind allows the body more immune response, in some way that we simply do not understand in 2019. Remarkably, a number of studies seem to show that happy people and people with a sense of purpose live longer.”

Asia architects use green solutions to cool buildings

In many subtropical countries across Asia, such as Indonesia and the Philippines, air conditioning is increasingly being considered a necessity. But one architecture firm specializes in “bioclimatic architecture", says it could make air conditioning units redundant. By connecting with the local topography, climate, and vegetation, as well as cleverly manipulating a building's orientation, the firm can naturally create a comfortable indoor climate.

In cooperation with the World Bank, Charles Gallavardin, director of an architecture firm in Asia, built an apartment building in Ho Chi Minh City, which houses 350 families in an impoverished neighborhood. "We try to avoid big glass façades facing east or west, because that would make the building like an oven in a tropical climate," he says. "If you work with the main wind stream and have smart sun protection, you can do it -- you really can design buildings that need no air conditioning in a hot place like Vietnam." Gallavardin explains that a typical bioclimatic building is naturally about 5 Celsius cooler than the outside temperature, with natural ventilation and the ceiling fan doing the rest of the work.

"It is crucial for all new building designs in cities to encompass bioclimatic architectural features," Myles McCarthy, director of implementation at the Carbon Trust consultancy and research firm, tells CNN. "As demands in Asian cities for buildings -- both domestic and commercial -- increases, and the need for higher density living continues to climb with urban populations, it will be crucial to ensure this growth does not drive energy and water consumptions higher."

Time

Ticking away the moments that make up a dull day
You fritter and waste the hours in an offhand way
Kicking around on a piece of ground in your home town
Waiting for someone or something to show you the way

[5]Tired of lying in the sunshine
Staying home to watch the rain
You are young and life is long
And there is time to kill today
And then one day you find
[10] Ten years have got behind you
No one told you when to run
You missed the starting gun

And you run and you run to catch up with the sun, but it’s sinking
And racing around to come up behind you again
[15] The sun is the same in a relative way, but you’re older
Shorter of breath and one day closer to death

Every year is getting shorter
Never seem to find the time
Plans that either come to naught
[20] Or half a page of scribbled lines
Hanging on in quiet desperation is the English way
The time has gone, the song is over
Thought I’d something more to say

Home, home again
[25] I like to be here when I can
And when I come home cold and tired
It’s good to warm my bones beside the fire
Far away, across the field
The tolling of the iron bell
[30] Calls the faithful to their knees
To hear the softly spoken magic spells

“I´ve been smoking all my life and it´s never done me any harm”

TEXTO

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What is domestic violence and abuse?

When people think of domestic abuse, they often focus on domestic violence. But domestic abuse occurs whenever one person in an intimate relationship or marriage tries to dominate and control the other person. Domestic violence and abuse are used for one purpose and one purpose only: to gain and maintain total control over you. An abuser doesn’t “play fair.” Abusers use fear, guilt, shame, and intimidation to wear you down and keep you under their thumb. Your abuser may also threaten you, hurt you, or hurt those around you.

Domestic violence and abuse do not discriminate. Abuse happens among heterosexual couples and in same-sex partnerships. It occurs within all age ranges, ethnic backgrounds, and economic levels. And while women are more commonly victimized, men are also abused – especially verbally and emotionally. The bottom line is that abusive behavior is never acceptable, whether it’s coming from a man, a woman, a teenager, or an older adult.

Texto

There are 30 million slaves in the world. 60,000 only in the U.S.

We think of slavery as a practice of the past, an image from Roman colonies or 18th-century American plantations, but the practice of enslaving human beings as property still exists. There are 29.8 million people living as slaves right now, according to a comprehensive new report issued by the Australia-based Walk Free Foundation.

This is not some softened, by-modernstandards definition of slavery. These 30 million people are living as forced laborers, forced prostitutes, child soldiers, child brides in forced marriages and, in all ways that matter, as pieces of property, chattel in the servitude of absolute ownership. Walk Free investigated 162 countries and found slaves in every single one. But the practice is far worse in some countries than others.

The country where you are most likely to be enslaved is Mauritania. Although this vast West African nation has tried three times to outlaw slavery within its borders, it remains so common that it is nearly normal. The report estimates that four percent of Mauritania is enslaved – one out of every 25 people. (The aid group SOS Slavery, using a broader definition of slavery, estimated several years ago that as many as 20 percent of Mauritanians might be enslaved.)

Migration flows in Latin America and the Caribbean

UNICEF Situation Report - September 2018

In the past two years, there has been an increase of Venezuelan citizens entering Brazil through the Roraima State border. According to Brazilian authorities’ estimations as of April 2018, the migration stock of Venezuelans in Brazil is of approximately 50,000 people most of them in Pacaraima and Boa Vista (Roraima state). Around 12 per cent are living in official shelters, while the majority are living either in private accommodations, spontaneous shelters or on the streets. The migratory influx is on the rise, putting extra pressure on the already overwhelmed basic services and limited capacity of local institutions. According to the Federal Police, up to 800 Venezuelan migrants may be crossing the border each day. Results from the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) exercise conducted by IOM, indicate that nearly 50 per cent of respondents are expecting to stay in Brazil. Since February 2018, a voluntary relocation programme, known as the ‘interiorization plan’, was launched by the Brazilian Government offering migrants living in shelters the opportunity to move to other states. The programme includes transportation to other regions, housing and support for integration in host communities and labour market. At least 65 per cent of DTM’s interviewees were interested in participating in the interiorization process, particularly to Amazonas and São Paulo states.

No que se refere à formação do gerúndio no tempo contínuo em Língua Inglesa, agrega-se o “ING” no fim do verbo infinitivo. Porém, outras palavras podem apresentar “ING” no final e possuírem outra função gramatical.

INSTRUCTIONS: Read the text and answer question.

What Is Anxiety?

Anxiety is really just a form of stress. It can be experienced in many different ways — physically, emotionally, and in the way people view the world around them. Anxiety mainly relates to worry about what might happen — worrying about things going wrong or feeling like you’re in some kind of danger.

Anxiety is a natural human reaction, and it serves as an important biological function: It’s an alarm system that’s activated whenever we perceive danger or a threat. When the body and mind react, we can feel physical sensations, like dizziness, a rapid heartbeat, difficulty breathing, and sweaty or shaky hands and feet. These sensations — called the fight–flight response — are caused by a rush of adrenaline and other stress hormones that prepare the body to make a quick getaway or “flight” from danger.

The fight–flight response happens instantly. But it usually takes a few seconds longer for the thinking part of the brain (the cortex) to process the situation and evaluate whether the threat is real, and if so, how to handle it. When the cortex sends the all-clear signal, the fight–flight response is deactivated and the nervous system starts to calm down.

The text states that dizziness is an example of physical sensation one can feel due to anxiety.

If we truly believe in values that we can all identify with and aspire to – a recognition of truth, an understanding of science, an appreciation of the self, a respect for life and a faith in society – then we need to eliminate obstacles to understanding, uphold the fundamental definition of humanity, affirm the shared value of human lives and other lives, and acknowledge the symbiotic interdependency of human beings and the environment. A belief in ourselves and a belief in others, a trust in humanitarianism’s power to do good, and an earnest recognition of the value of life – these form the foundation for all human values and all human efforts.

The relationship between men and the environment is conflicting and more exploratory than sustainable. Based on the text, review the statements in the following items:

I - The value of human life is understood as superior to the value of other life forms that inhabit the planet.

II - There is a harmonious and cooperative relationship between human beings and the environment that needs to be recognized.