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Few would deny that men and women differ physically. […] But their brains and behavior reflect no significant differences, argue many people, including some psychologists. Increasingly, it seems, it is de rigueur to reject or downplay psychological differences between the sexes – despite substantial scientific evidence that they exist.

Women tend to engage in more altruistic behavior and rate higher on certain measures of empathy. Men, on average, perform better on tasks in which they mentally rotate an object, while women can better remember the location of objects. Evolutionary theorists postulate that sex differences arose because male and female hominids faced different reproductive and survival pressures.

Men are also much more likely to be diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, for instance, while rates of mood disorders and Alzheimer’s disease are higher among women. These sex differences can have important implications for understanding and treating disorders.

A recent review of sex differences in vulnerability to stress examined findings in humans and nonhuman animals on molecular as well as behavioral levels. Among those findings […] is that “boys and girls, particularly adolescents, had different responses to experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder. Girls had internalizing symptoms, such as self-blame, and boys engaged much more in externalizing behavior,” including acting disruptively. […] The same disorders can [therefore] produce considerably different symptoms.

Sex differences can be important in the development of medications, too. […] past efforts show that a drug tested on male animals won’t necessarily work for human females.

“No one’s saying that men and women are completely different beings. There is probably more that overlaps than is different,” [Georgia] Hodes says. “But we need to understand these differences. I think it becomes especially important when you’re trying to develop better treatments.”

Criados para satirizar o comportamento humano, os cartuns cumprem também o papel de denunciar aspectos da sociedade ou criticá-los.

Read the comic to answer question.

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Leia o trecho da notícia“Amazon fires: what is happening and is there anything we can do?” publicada no jornal The Guardian e responda às questões.

What is happening in the Amazon? Thousands of fires are burning in Brazil, many of them in the world’s biggest rainforest, which is sending clouds of smoke across the region and pumping alarming quantities of carbon into the world’s atmosphere.

Does this happen every year? Yes, but some areas have suffered far more than usual. In the worst-affected Brazilian state of Amazonas, the peak day this month was 700% higher than the average for the same date over the past 15 years. In other states, the amount of ash and other particulates in August has hit the highest level since 2010.

What is the cause? Most of the fires are agricultural, either smallholders burning stubble after harvest, or farmers clearing forest for cropland. Illegal land-grabbers also destroy trees so they can raise the value of the property they seize. But they are manmade and mostly deliberate. Unlike the huge recent blazes in Siberia and Alaska, the Amazon fires are very unlikely to have been caused by lightning.

Examine o quadrinho de Peter Steiner para responder à questão.

"On the internet, nobody knows you're a dog."

Scientists have developed what they call living concrete by using sand, gel and bacteria. Researchers said this building material has structural load-bearing function, is capable of self-healing and is more environmentally friendly than concrete – which is the second most-consumed material on Earth after water. The team from the University of Colorado Boulder believe their work paves the way for future building structures that could “heal their own cracks, suck up dangerous toxins from the air or even glow on command”.

Read the text below and answer the question that follow.

TEXT

Few would deny that men and women differ physically. […] But their brains and behavior reflect no significant differences, argue many people, including some psychologists. Increasingly, it seems, it is de rigueur to reject or downplay psychological differences between the sexes – despite substantial scientific evidence that they exist.

Women tend to engage in more altruistic behavior and rate higher on certain measures of empathy. Men, on average, perform better on tasks in which they mentally rotate an object, while women can better remember the location of objects. Evolutionary theorists postulate that sex differences arose because male and female hominids faced different reproductive and survival pressures.

Men are also much more likely to be diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, for instance, while rates of mood disorders and Alzheimer’s disease are higher among women. These sex differences can have important implications for understanding and treating disorders.

A recent review of sex differences in vulnerability to stress examined findings in humans and nonhuman animals on molecular as well as behavioral levels. Among those findings […] is that “boys and girls, particularly adolescents, had different responses to experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder. Girls had internalizing symptoms, such as self-blame, and boys engaged much more in externalizing behavior,” including acting disruptively. […] The same disorders can [therefore] produce considerably different symptoms.

Sex differences can be important in the development of medications, too. […] past efforts show that a drug tested on male animals won’t necessarily work for human females.

“No one’s saying that men and women are completely different beings. There is probably more that overlaps than is different,” [Georgia] Hodes says. “But we need to understand these differences. I think it becomes especially important when you’re trying to develop better treatments.”